vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-40vavilov-4603Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICSРазнообразие отечественных сортов твердой пшеницы по генам синтеза и деградации каротиноидов в зернеVariability of carotenoid synthesis and degradation genes in Russian durum wheat cultivarsТрифоноваА. А.TrifonovaA. A.

Москва

Moscow

aichka89@mail.ruБорисК. В.BorisK. V.

Москва

Moscow

ДедоваЛ. В.DedovaL. V.

Москва

Moscow

МальчиковП. Н.MalchikovP. N.

пгт Безенчук, Самарская область

Bezenchuk, Samara region

КудрявцевА. М.KudryavtsevA. M.

Москва

Moscow

Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наукРоссияVavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationСамарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства им. Н.М. Тулайкова – филиал Самарского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наукРоссияSamara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute named after N.M. Tulajkov – Branch of Samara Federal Research Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202503062025293370379Copyright © Трифонова А.А., Борис К.В., Дедова Л.В., Мальчиков П.Н., Кудрявцев А.М., 20252025Трифонова А.А., Борис К.В., Дедова Л.В., Мальчиков П.Н., Кудрявцев А.М.Trifonova A.A., Boris K.V., Dedova L.V., Malchikov P.N., Kudryavtsev A.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4603

Индекс желтизны – важный параметр качества сортов твердой пшеницы, связанный с содержанием каротиноидов в зерне и уровнем их деградации в процессе его переработки и определяющий желтый цвет продуктов, получаемых из твердой пшеницы. Применение молекулярно-генетических маркеров генов, влияющих на содержание каротиноидов, позволяет быстро идентифицировать ценные для селекции генотипы для ускоренного создания новых высококачественных отечественных сортов твердой  пшеницы. Целью работы стало изучение отечественного генофонда твердой пшеницы с помощью молекулярных маркеров генов синтеза (Psy-A1) и деградации (Lpx-B1) желтых пигментов в зерне. С использованием двух маркеров гена фитоенсинтазы Psy-A1 (PSY1-A1_STS и YP7A-2) и трех маркеров локуса липоксигеназы Lpx-B1 (Lpx-B1.1a/1b, Lpx-B1.1с и Lpx-B1.2/1.3) впервые были исследованы 54 сорта твердой пшеницы, 38 из которых охарактеризованы по уровню содержания желтых пигментов в зерне. Аллельное разнообразие изученных отечественных сортов твердой пшеницы по генам фитоенсинтазы Psy-A1 и липоксигеназы Lpx-B1 оказалось достаточно низким. Наиболее распространенными в выборке были аллельные варианты Psy-A1l по маркеру PSY1-A1_STS и Psy-A1d по маркеру YP7A-2, выявленные у 51 образца и ассоциированные с высокими значениями индекса желтизны. По маркерам локуса Lpx-B1 в выборке преобладал гаплотип II, связанный со средней активностью липоксигеназы, который был идентифицирован у 43 образцов. Гаплотип III, ассоциированный с низкой активностью фермента, выявлен только у трех озимых сортов (Дончанка, Гелиос и Леукурум 21). Несмотря на преобладание аллельных вариантов, связанных с повышенным содержанием каротиноидов и средней активностью липоксигеназы, исследуемые образцы имели различный уровень содержания желтых пигментов – от низкого до высокого.

Yellow index is an important quality parameter of durum wheat cultivars, associated with carotenoid pigment content in grain and the level of carotenoid degradation during processing, and determining the yellow color of products made from durum wheat. Molecular markers of genes that influence carotenoid content can be used for fast identification of valuable genotypes and development of new high-quality durum wheat cultivars. The aim of the study was to investigate the domestic durum wheat gene pool using molecular markers of the yellow pigment synthesis (Psy-A1) and degradation (Lpx-B1) genes. Using two markers of the phytoene synthase Psy- A1 gene (PSY1-A1_STS and YP7A-2) and three markers of the lipoxygenase Lpx-B1 locus (Lpx-B1.1a/1b, Lpx- B1.1c and Lpx- B1.2/1.3), 54 durum wheat cultivars were studied for the first time. For 38 cultivars, yellow pigment content in grain was also assessed. The detected allelic variation of the phytoene synthase Psy-A1 and lipoxygenase Lpx-B1 genes was rather low. The most common Psy-A1 alleles among the studied cultivars were Psy-A1l for the PSY1- A1_STS marker and Psy-A1d for the YP7A-2 marker, identified in 51 cultivars and associated with high carotenoid content. According to the markers of the Lpx-B1 locus, haplotype II, associated with medium lipoxygenase activity, identified in 43 cultivars, was predominant. Haplotype III, associated with low enzyme activity, was identified in only three winter durum wheat cultivars (Donchanka, Gelios and Leucurum 21). Despite the predominance of allelic variants associated with increased carotenoid content and moderate lipoxygenase activity, the studied cultivars had different levels of yellow pigment content in grain, from low to high.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.