vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-42vavilov-4605Research ArticleИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙАнтоцианы и фенольные соединения в окрашенном зерне пшеницыAnthocyanins and phenolic compounds in colored wheat grainЧумановаЕ. В.ChumanovaE. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

chumanova@bionet.nsc.ruЕфремоваТ. Т.EfremovaT. T.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

СоболевК. В.SobolevK. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

КосяеваЕ. А.KosyaevaE. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation202503062025293392400Copyright © Чуманова Е.В., Ефремова Т.Т., Соболев К.В., Косяева Е.А., 20252025Чуманова Е.В., Ефремова Т.Т., Соболев К.В., Косяева Е.А.Chumanova E.V., Efremova T.T., Sobolev K.V., Kosyaeva E.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4605

Пшеница является чрезвычайно важным и предпочтительным источником питания человека во многих регионах земного шара. Получение биофортифицированных сортов мягкой пшеницы с окрашенным зерном, которое, как известно, содержит целый ряд биологически активных соединений, в том числе антоциа ны, фенольные соединения, витамины и минералы, отражает общемировую тенденцию на увеличение разнообразия и повышение качества рациона путем разработки и внедрения разнообразных продуктов функционального питания. В настоящей работе описаны генетические системы, регулирующие биосинтез и накопление антоцианов в перикарпе и алейроновом слое, присутствие которых придает зерну фиолетовую, голубую и черную окраску. Обзор посвящен систематизации информации об особенностях качественного и количественного содержания антоцианов, растворимых и нерастворимых фенольных кислот в зерне пшеницы с различной окраской, а также показателях антиоксидантной активности спиртовых экстрактов зерна в зависимости от содержания антоцианов и фенольных соединений. Огромным количеством исследований подтверждено, что данные соединения являются антиоксидантами и соединениями с противовоспалительной активностью и их употребление вносит важный вклад в профилактику ряда социально значимых заболеваний человека. Употребление продуктов из окрашенного зерна злаков может способствовать дополнительному обогащению рациона людей биологически активными соединениями наряду с привычными источниками антиоксидантов. Отдельное внимание в обзоре уделено описанию достижений отечественных селекционеров, усилия которых в этой области позволили получить ряд перспективных сортов и линий с окрашенным зерном, которые могут послужить основой создания рынка биофортифицированных диетических продуктов питания в России и увеличения экспортного потенциала рынка зерна.

Wheat is an extremely important and preferred source of human nutrition in many regions of the world. The production of biofortified colored-grain wheat varieties, which are known to contain a range of biologically active compounds, including anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, vitamins and minerals, reflects a worldwide trend toward increasing dietary diversity and improving diet quality through the development and introduction of diverse functional foods. The present work describes the genetic systems that regulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in the pericarp and aleurone layer, the presence of which imparts purple, blue and black grain color. The review is devoted to the systematization of available information on the peculiarities of qualitative and quantitative content of anthocyanins, soluble and insoluble phenolic acids in wheat grain of different color, as well as on indicators of antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts of grain depending on the content of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds. A huge number of studies have confirmed that these compounds are antioxidants, have anti-inflammatory activity and their consumption makes an important contribution to the prevention of a number of socially significant human diseases. Consumption of colored cereal grain products may contribute to an additional enrichment of bioactive compounds in human diet along with the usual sources of antioxidants. Special attention in the review is paid to the description of achievements of Russia’s breeders in developing promising varieties and lines with colored grain, which will be a key factor in expanding the opportunities of the domestic and international grain market.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.