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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4606</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА НАСЕКОМЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INSECT GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние мутаций гена Non3 на организацию хроматина  у Drosophila melanogaster</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effects of Non3 mutations on chromatin organization  in Drosophila melanogaster</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юшкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yushkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огиенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogienko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreyeva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пиндюрин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pindyurin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Летягина</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Letiagina</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омелина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omelina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной и клеточной биологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>401</fpage><lpage>413</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юшкова А.А., Огиенко А.А., Андреева Е.Н., Пиндюрин А.В., Летягина А.Е., Омелина Е.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юшкова А.А., Огиенко А.А., Андреева Е.Н., Пиндюрин А.В., Летягина А.Е., Омелина Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yushkova A.A., Ogienko A.A., Andreyeva E.N., Pindyurin A.N., Letiagina A.E., Omelina E.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4606">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4606</self-uri><abstract><p>Ядрышко – это крупная безмембранная субъядерная структура, где происходит биогенез рибосом. Однако известно все больше данных о том, что ядрышко выполняет и другие функции в клетке. Помимо того, что в ядрышке происходят активный синтез и процессинг рРНК, оно является компартментом, на периферии которого локализованы репрессированные участки генома. Таким образом, наряду с ядерной ламиной ядрышко выступает центром организации гетерохроматина. Исследования на клетках человека и дрозофилы показали, что снижение количества отдельных ядрышковых белков приводит к изменениям в морфологии ядрышка, организации гетерохроматина и декластеризации центромер. Данная работа посвящена изучению влияния мутаций в гене Novel nucleolar protein 3 (Non3) D. melanogaster на организацию хроматина в ядре. Ранее было показано, что делеция части гена Non3 приводит к эмбриональной летальности, а снижение количества белка NON3 – к замедлению онтогенеза и формированию Minute-подобного фенотипа у взрослых мух. В настоящей работе мы продемонстрировали, что мутации в гене Non3 супрессируют эффект положения мозаичного типа и увеличивают частоту мейотической рекомбинации. Общее количество классических маркеров гетерохроматина, белка HP1 и модификации гистона H3K9me2, в мозгах и слюнных железах личинок мутантов Non3 существенно не отличается от контроля, согласно оценке вестернблот анализом. Иммуноокрашивание антителами к HP1 и H3K9me2 также не выявило значительного изменения в количестве и паттерне локализации этих белков в прицентромерных районах политенных хромосом слюнных желез. Изучив локализацию белка HP1 у мутантов по гену Non3 с помощью метода DamID (DNA adenine methyltransferase identification), мы также не обнаружили значимых отличий в распределении белка по сравнению с контролем. В гемоцитах мутантов Non3 мы наблюдали изменение морфологии ядрышка и размера области, выявляемой антицентромерными антителами, но это не сопровождалось декластеризацией центромер и отхождением их от периферии ядрышка. Таким образом, белок NON3 важен для формирования/функционирования ядрышка и необходим для правильной упаковки хроматина, однако точный механизм участия NON3 в данных процессах требует дальнейшего изучения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The nucleolus is a large membraneless subnuclear structure, the main function of which is ribosome biogenesis. However, there is growing evidence that the function of the nucleolus extends beyond this process. While the nucleolus is the most transcriptionally active site in the nucleus, it is also the compartment for the location and regulation of repressive genomic domains and, like the nuclear lamina, is the hub for the organization of inactive heterochromatin. Studies in human and Drosophila cells have shown that a decrease in some nucleolar proteins leads to changes in nucleolar morphology, heterochromatin organization and declustering of centromeres. This work is devoted to the study of the effects of Novel nucleolar protein 3 (Non3) gene mutations in D. melanogaster on the organization of chromatin in the nucleus. Previously, it was shown that partial deletion of the Non3 gene leads to embryonic lethality, and a decrease in NON3 causes an extension of ontogenesis and formation of a Minute-like phenotype in adult flies. In the present work, we have shown that mutations in the Non3 gene suppress the position effect variegation (PEV) and increase the frequency of meiotic recombination. We have analyzed the classical heterochromatin markers in Non3 mutants and shown that the amount of the HP1 protein as well as the modification of the histone H3K9me2 do not change significantly in larval brains and salivary glands compared to the control in Western blot analysis. Immunostaining with antibodies to HP1 and H3K9me2 did not reveal a significant reduction or change in the localization patterns of these proteins in the pericentromeric regions of salivary gland polytene chromosomes either. We analyzed the localization of the HP1 protein in Non3 mutants using DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) analysis and did not find substantial differences in protein distribution compared to the control. In hemocytes of Non3 mutants, we observed changes in the morphology of the nucleolus and in the size of the region detected by anti-centromere antibodies, but this was not accompanied by declustering of centromeres and their untethering from the nucleolar periphery. Thus, the NON3 protein is important for the formation/function of the nucleolus and is required for the correct chromatin packaging, but the exact mechanism of NON3 involvement in these processes requires further investigations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ядрышко</kwd><kwd>NON3</kwd><kwd>HP1</kwd><kwd>CID</kwd><kwd>H3K9me2</kwd><kwd>хроматин</kwd><kwd>прицентромерные районы хромосом</kwd><kwd>эффект положения</kwd><kwd>Su(var)205</kwd><kwd>Su(var)3-9</kwd><kwd>дрозофила</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nucleolus</kwd><kwd>NON3</kwd><kwd>HP1</kwd><kwd>CID</kwd><kwd>H3K9me2</kwd><kwd>chromatin</kwd><kwd>pericentromeric regions of chromosome</kwd><kwd>PEV</kwd><kwd>Su(var)205</kwd><kwd>Su(var)3-9</kwd><kwd>Drosophila</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 23-24-00619 (https://rscf.ru/en/ project/23-24-00619/). Acknowledgements. We thank Prof. Peter Verrijzer for anti-HP1 antibodies; Harald Saumweber, for anti-β-Tubulin antibodies; and Prof. Gunter Reuter, for Su(var)2055 and Su(var)3-96 fly stocks.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allshire R.C., Madhani H.D. Ten principles of heterochromatin formation and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018;19(4):229-244. doi 10.1038/nrm.2017.119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allshire R.C., Madhani H.D. Ten principles of heterochromatin formation and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018;19(4):229-244. doi 10.1038/nrm.2017.119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anders S., Pyl P.T., Huber W. HTSeq – a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data. 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