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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4607</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА НАСЕКОМЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INSECT GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определяющая роль гетерохроматина  в фенотипическом проявлении инверсии In(1)sc8, разрывающей achaete-scute комплекс Drosophila melanogaster</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The key role of heterochromatin   in the phenotypic manifestation of the In(1)sc8 inversion  disrupting the achaete-scute complex in Drosophila melanogaster</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolesnikova@mcb.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балантаева</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balantaeva</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Похолкова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokholkova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антоненко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жимулев</surname><given-names>И. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhimulev</surname><given-names>I. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной и клеточной биологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной и клеточной биологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>414</fpage><lpage>422</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колесникова Т.Д., Балантаева М.Н., Похолкова Г.В., Антоненко О.В., Жимулев И.Ф., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колесникова Т.Д., Балантаева М.Н., Похолкова Г.В., Антоненко О.В., Жимулев И.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova T.D., Balantaeva M.N., Pokholkova G.V., Antonenko O.V., Zhimulev I.F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4607">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4607</self-uri><abstract><p>Локус achaete-scute (achaete-scute complex, AS-C) занимает около 90 т. п. н. и содержит множественные энхансеры. Локальная экспрессия генов achaete и scute в пронейральных кластерах имагинальных дисков Drosophila melanogaster приводит к формированию детерминированного рисунка макрохет у взрослых мух. Большое многообразие легко анализируемых видимых фенотипов, прямая связь между отдельными регуляторными элементами и развитием конкретных щетинок сделали этот локус классическим модельным объектом генетики развития. Одним из самых известных AS-C является аллель sc8, возникший в результате инверсии In(1)sc8. Дистальная точка разрыва этой инверсии лежит между генами ac и sc, проксимальная – в прицентромерном гетерохроматине хромосомы Х, в блоке сателлита 1.688. Гетерохроматиновое положение точки разрыва поднимало вопрос о роли эффекта положения мозаичного типа в нарушении нормальной работы локуса у носителей инверсии, но были получены противоречивые результаты. Ранее мы обнаружили, что в одном из стоков линии, несущей In(1)sc8, спонтанно возникла вторичная инверсия In(1)19EHet, которая переносит большую часть гетерохроматина от гена ac в локус, соответствующий району 19E политенной Х-хромосомы. В настоящей статье мы показали, что инверсия In(1)19EHet приводит к полному восстановлению числа задних супраалярных и частичному – дорзо-центральных щетинок, наблюдаемых у мух исходной линии              In(1) sc8. Точно такое же восстановление паттерна щетинок мы увидели при введении в линию с инверсией In(1) sc8  модификатора эффекта положения – мутации Su(var)3-906. Введение же в линию с инверсией мутации по гену Rif1 – консервативного фактора, определяющего позднюю репликацию и недорепдикацию ДНК в клетках D. melanogaster, не приводит к восстановлению нормального паттерна щетинок. Наши данные указывают на то, что фенотип мух – носителей инверсии In(1)sc8, связанный с нарушением развития щетинок, определяется эффектом гетерохроматина на дистальную часть локуса и может использоваться для проверки влияния различных факторов на вызываемый гетерохроматином эффект положения гена. Еще одно фенотипическое проявление In(1) sc8 – снижение доли самцов в потомстве – оказалось независимым от соседства дистальной части AS-C с гетерохроматином. Этот фенотип также не восстанавливался на фоне мутации в гене Rif1. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The achaete-scute complex (AS-C) is a locus approximately 90 kbp in length, containing multiple en hancers. The local expression of the achaete and scute genes in proneural clusters of Drosophila melanogaster imaginal discs results in the formation of a well-defined pattern of macrochaetae in adult flies. A wide variety of easily analyzed phenotypes, along with the direct connection between individual regulatory elements and the development of specific setae make this locus a classic model in developmental genetics. One classic AS-C allele is sc8, which arose as a result of the In(1) sc8 inversion. One breakpoint of this inversion lies between the ac and sc genes, while the second is in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of chromosome X, within satellite block 1.688. The heterochromatic position of the breakpoint raised the question of whether position effect variegation contributes to the disruption of normal locus function in the In(1)sc8 flies. However, conflicting results were obtained. Previously, we found that a secondary inversion, In(1)19EHet, arose spontaneously in one of the stocks of the In(1)sc8 BDSC line, transferring most of the heterochromatin from the ac gene to the 19E region of the X chromosome. Here, we demonstrate that the In(1)19EHet inversion leads to complete rescue of the number of posterior supraalar (PSA) and partial rescue of the number of dorsocentral (DC) macrochaetes observed in the original In(1)sc8 line. The same rescue of the macrochaetes pattern was observed when the In(1)sc8 inversion was introduced into a strain with the Su(var)3-906 position effect modifier. Combining the inversion with the Rif11 mutation, a conserved factor determining late replication and underreplication, does not restore the normal pattern of bristles. Our data indicate that the phenotype of flies carrying the In(1) sc8 inversion, associated with a disturbance in bristle development, is determined by the effect of heterochromatin on the distal part of the locus. This model can be used to test the influence of various factors on the position effect variegation caused by heterochromatin. Another phenotypic manifestation of In(1)sc8, a decreased proportion of males in the offspring, was independent of the proximity of the distal part of AS-C to heterochromatin and was not affected by the Rif11 mutation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>achaete-scute complex</kwd><kwd>AS-C</kwd><kwd>эффект положения</kwd><kwd>модификаторы эффекта положения</kwd><kwd>гетерохроматин</kwd><kwd>инверсии</kwd><kwd>Drosophila melanogaster</kwd><kwd>Rif1</kwd><kwd>Su(var)3-9</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>achaete-scute complex</kwd><kwd>AS-C</kwd><kwd>position effect</kwd><kwd>position effect modifiers</kwd><kwd>heterochromatin</kwd><kwd>inversions</kwd><kwd>Drosophila melanogaster</kwd><kwd>Rif1</kwd><kwd>Su(var)3-9</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 24-14-00133). Acknowledgements. The authors thank D.P. 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