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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4612</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОИНФОРМАТИКА И СИСТЕМНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOINFORMATICS AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геномное прогнозирование признаков растений популярными методами машинного обучения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genomic prediction of plant traits  by popular machine learning methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Банкин</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bankin</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Благовещенск, Амурская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Blagoveshchensk, Amur region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.g.samsonova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный государственный аграрный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Far Eastern State Agrarian University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>458</fpage><lpage>466</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козлов К.Н., Банкин М.П., Семенова Е.А., Самсонова М.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козлов К.Н., Банкин М.П., Семенова Е.А., Самсонова М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlov K.N., Bankin M.P., Semenova E.A., Samsonova M.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4612">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4612</self-uri><abstract><p>Быстро накапливающийся массив геномных данных – секвенированных геномов сельскохозяйственных растений – позволил получить обширные результаты по геномному прогнозированию и выявлению ассоциаций однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов с фенотипическими признаками. Во многих случаях для обнаружения новых связей фенотипов с генотипами предпочтительно использовать методы машинного обучения, глубокого обучения и искусственного интеллекта, в особенности объяснимого, способные распознавать сложные закономерности. Вручную было отобрано 80 источников, при этом ограничения по дате выхода не ставилось, основной интерес представляла оригинальность предлагаемого подхода или модификации для применения в задаче геномного прогнозирования. В статье рассмотрены модели для геномного прогнозирования, сверточные нейронные сети, объяснимый искусственный интеллект и большие языковые модели. Уделено внимание подходам к дополнению данных, переносу знаний, методам снижения размерности и гибридным методам. Приведен пример современного способа кодирования больших геномных данных в искусственные изображения, преимуществом которых являются наглядная визуализация и возможность использования известных моделей для извлечения признаков. Исследования в области модельно-специфичных и модельно-независимых методов интерпретации решения моделей представлены тремя основными категориями: зондирование, возмущение и суррогатная модель. В рассмотренных примерах отражены основные современные тренды в изучаемой области. Отмечены растущая роль больших языковых моделей, в том числе основанных на трансформерах, для обработки генетического кода, а также разрабатываемые методы аугментации данных. Дополнительным преимуществом применения языковой модели может стать возможность формулировать запросы на близком к естественному языке и получать ответы за относительно короткое время. Среди гибридных подходов выделена перспективность сочетания моделей машинного обучения и моделей развития растений на основе биофизических и биохимических процессов. Поскольку методы машинного обучения и искусственного интеллекта находятся в фокусе внимания как специалистов в различных прикладных областях, так и фундаментальных ученых, а кроме того, вызывают общественный резонанс, количество посвященных этим темам работ имеет взрывной рост.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A rapid growth of the available body of genomic data has made it possible to obtain extensive results in genomic prediction and identification of associations of SNPs with phenotypic traits. In many cases, to identify new relationships between phenotypes and genotypes, it is preferable to use machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence, especially explainable artificial intelligence, capable of recognizing complex patterns. 80 sources were manually selected; while there were no restrictions on the release date, the main attention was paid to the originality of the proposed approach for use in genomic prediction. The article considers models for genomic prediction, convolutional neural networks, explainable artificial intelligence and large language models. Attention is  paid to Data Augmentation, Transfer Learning, Dimensionality Reduction methods and hybrid methods. Research  in the field of model-specific and model-independent methods for interpretation of model solutions is represented  by three main categories: sensing, perturbation, and surrogate model. The considered examples reflect the main modern trends in this area of research. The growing role of large language models, including those based on transformers, for genetic code processing, as well as the development of data augmentation methods, are noted. Among hybrid approaches, the prospect of combining machine learning models and models of plant development based on biophysical and biochemical processes is emphasized. Since the methods of machine learning and artificial intelligence are the focus of attention of both specialists in various applied fields and fundamental scientists, and also cause public resonance, the number of works devoted to these topics is growing explosively. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геномное прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>фенотип растений</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genomic prediction</kwd><kwd>plant phenotype</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research is funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the World-Class Research Center program: Advanced Digital Technologies (agreement  No. 075-15-2020-311 dated 04/20/2022).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Applications. 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