vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-56vavilov-4678Research ArticleИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙУстойчивость к засухе фотосинтетического аппарата линий пшеницы Triticum aestivum L. c интрогрессиями от Aegilops tauschii Coss. в хромосоме 2DDrought tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines with introgressions in chromosome 2D from Aegilops tauschii Coss.ОсиповаС. В.OsipovaS. V.

Иркутск

Irkutsk

svetlanaosipova2@mail.ruПермяковА. В.PermyakovA. V.

Иркутск

Irkutsk

РудиковскийА. В.RudikovskiiA. V.

Иркутск

Irkutsk

РудиковскаяЕ. Г.RudikovskayaE. G.

Иркутск

Irkutsk

ПшеничниковаТ. А.PsheniT. A.

Новоси6ирск, 

Novosibirsk

Си6ирский институт физиологии и 6иохимии растений Си6ирского отделения Российской академии наук; Иркутский государственный университетРоссияSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Irkutsk State UniversityRussian FederationСи6ирский институт физиологии и 6иохимии растений Си6ирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Си6ирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202520072025294530538Copyright © Осипова С.В., Пермяков А.В., Рудиковский А.В., Рудиковская Е.Г., Пшеничникова Т.А., 20252025Осипова С.В., Пермяков А.В., Рудиковский А.В., Рудиковская Е.Г., Пшеничникова Т.А.Osipova S.V., Permyakov A.V., Rudikovskii A.V., Rudikovskaya E.G., Psheni T.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4678

Улучшение эффективности фотосинтеза в изменяющихся климатических условиях является одним из спосо6ов повышения ста6ильности урожая сельскохозяйственных растений. Для этого применяют различные генетические стратегии, в частности маркер-ориентированную селекцию, а также привлекают генетический потенциал диких сородичей пшеницы. Ранее, используя интрогрессивные линии пшеницы, содержащие различные сегменты хромосомы 2D от Aegilops tauschii в генетическом фоне пшеницы Triticum aestivum сорта Чайниз Спринг (ЧС), мы картировали QTL, ассоциированные с вариа6ельностью 6иомассы по6ега и газоо6мена в контрастных условиях водосна6жения. B данной ра6оте путем «дро6ления» первичных интрогрессий мы получили вторичные интрогрессивные линии пшеницы ЧС с 6олее короткими сегментами интрогрессий от Ae. tauschii. Целью исследования 6ыло изучить устойчивость фотосинтетического аппарата к дефициту воды в почве у вторичных интрогрессивных линий, содержащих редуцированные интрогрессии от Ae. tauschii в коротком и длинном плечах хромосомы 2D. Мы оценили размер эффекта засухи на 6иомассу по6ега, параметры газоо6мена, содержание фотосинтетических пигментов, параметры медленной и 6ыстрой флуоресценции хлорофилла и параметры 6ыстрых световых кривых. Результаты показали, что у линии 1004 с участком интрогрессии в хромосоме 2DS, ограниченном микросателлитными локусами Xgwm296 и Xgwm261, засуха незначительно влияла на соотношение хлорофиллы a+b/каротиноиды и первичные процессы фотосинтеза. У линии 1005 с участком интрогрессии в районе маркера Xgwm261 при дефиците воды значительно снижались соотношение хлорофиллы a+b/каротиноиды и показатели функциональной активности фотосистем. У линии 1034 с интрогрессией в хромосоме 2DL в районе локусов Xgwm1419 и Xgwm157 соотношение хлорофиллы a+b/каротиноиды, скорость ассимиляции СO2 и параметры флуоресценции хлорофилла при засухе оставались ста6ильными. У линии 1021 с участком интрогрессии в районе маркера Xgwm539 на этой же хромосоме мы на6людали сильное негативное влияние засухи на скорость ассимиляции СO2 и показатели функциональной активности фотосистем. Маркеры Xgwm1419 и Xgwm296 можно рекомендовать для использования в маркер-ориентированной селекции на засухоустойчивость мягкой пшеницы в случаях, когда донором генетического материала выступает Ae. tauschii.

One of the ways to increase yield stability of bread wheat under changing climatic conditions is through improving the photosynthesis efficiency. For this purpose, various genetic strategies are used. They include markerassisted selection and the use of the genetic potential of wild wheat relatives. Previously, using introgression wheat lines carrying different segments of chromosome 2D from Aegilops tauschii in the genetic background of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety Chinese Spring (CS), we mapped QTLs associated with variability in shoot biomass and gas exchange under contrasting water supply conditions. In this work, by “splitting” the primary introgressions, we obtained secondary introgression CS lines with reduced segments of Ae. tauschii introgressions in the short and long arms of chromosomes 2D. The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus to soil water deficit in these lines. We estimated the size of drought effect on shoot biomass, gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, slow and fast chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and fast light curve parameters. The results showed that line 1004 with an introgression in chromosome 2DS limited by microsatellite loci Xgwm296 and Xgwm261 was little affected by drought in respect of the chlorophyll (a+b)/carotenoid ratio and primary photosynthetic processes. In line 1005 with a single introgression in the region of the Xgwm261 marker, the chlorophyll (a+b)/carotenoid ratio and indicators of the functional activity of photosystems significantly decreased under water deficiency. The chlorophyll (a+b)/carotenoid ratio, CO2 assimilation rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters remained stable in line 1034 with an introgression in chromosome 2DL near the Xgwm1419 and Xgwm157 loci. In line 1021 with an introgression in the region of the Xgwm539 marker on the same chromosome, we observed a strong negative effect of drought on the rate of CO2 assimilation and indicators of the functional activity of photosystems. The Xgwm1419 and Xgwm296 markers can be recommended for use in marker-assisted breeding for drought tolerance of bread wheat in the cases where Ae. tauschii acts as a donor of genetic material.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.