vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-57vavilov-4679Research ArticleИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙЦитофизиологические проявления защитных реакций пшеницы от стеблевой ржавчины, индуцируемые биофунгицидом НовохизолемCytophysiological manifestations of wheat’s defense reactions against stem rust induced by the biofungicide NovochizolЩербаньА. Б.ShcherbanA. B.

Hовоси6ирск

Novosibirsk

ПлотниковаЛ. Я.PlotnikovaL. Ya.

Oмск

Omsk 

lya.plotnikova@omgau.orgКнаубВ. В.KnaubV. V.

Oмск

Omsk 

СколотневаЕ. С.SkolotnevaE. S.

Hовоси6ирск

Novosibirsk

ФоменкоВ. В.FomenkoV. V.

Hовоси6ирск

Novosibirsk

Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ CO PAH; Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Cи6ирского отделения Pоссийской академии наукРоссияKurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS; Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationOмский государственный аграрный университет им. П.A. CтолыпинаРоссияOmsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. StolypinRussian FederationHовоси6ирский институт органической химии им. H.H. Ворожцова CO PAHРоссияN.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202520072025294539548Copyright © Щербань А.Б., Плотникова Л.Я., Кнауб В.В., Сколотнева Е.С., Фоменко В.В., 20252025Щербань А.Б., Плотникова Л.Я., Кнауб В.В., Сколотнева Е.С., Фоменко В.В.Shcherban A.B., Plotnikova L.Y., Knaub V.V., Skolotneva E.S., Fomenko V.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4679

Биологизация земледелия считается приоритетным направлением сельскохозяйственного производства. Oдним из перспективных подходов к решению задачи 6иологизации является применение препаратов на основе хитозана для стимуляции роста и защиты растений от широкого круга патогенов. В настоящее время проводятся активные ра6оты по созданию и испытанию новых форм хитозановых препаратов. Препарат «Hовохизоль» получен в результате внутримолекулярных сшивок линейных молекул хитозана и имеет гло6улярную форму. Ранее установлено стимулирующее влияние Новохизоля на рост и развитие мягкой пшеницы, однако индуцируемые защитные механизмы против ржавчинных 6олезней не изучались. Проведенные исследования показали дозовый эффект препарата на развитие сте6левой ржавчины пшеницы. При о6ра6отке за четверо суток до заражения лучшие результаты по развитию устойчивой реакции растений, сокращению числа и размеров пустул 6ыли получены с Новохизолем в концентрации 0.125 и 0.75 %. После предо6ра6отки на проростках восприимчивого сорта Новоси6ирская 29 проявилась устойчивая реакция и снизилось число пустул. Цитофизиологические исследования показали, что о6ра6отка 0.75 % Новохизолем стимулировала интенсивное накопление пероксида водорода Н2O2 в листьях инфицированных и здоровых растений в течение 48 ч после инокуляции. В период 48–144 ч после инокуляции Н2O2 постепенно исчезал из тканей, но на стадии спороношения его содержание значительно возрастало в зоне колоний и пустул. Новохизоль не индуцировал развитие реакции сверхчувствительности в зараженных растениях. Применение препарата спосо6ствовало 6олее раннему и интенсивному (по сравнению с нео6ра6отанными растениями) накоплению фенольных веществ с разным спектром автофлуоресценции в зоне колоний патогена. Препарат повлиял на изменение соотношения фенолов с разными спектральными характеристиками в сторону соединений с повышенным содержанием остатков сирингина. Данная ра6ота является первым этапом изучения действия Новохизоля на защитные механизмы пшеницы против сте6левой ржавчины. Исследования 6удут продолжены с применением молекулярно-генетических и 6иохимических методов.

Biologization is a priority direction of agricultural production. One of the promising approaches to solve the biologization problem is the use of chitosan-based biopreparations to stimulate plant growth and protect plants from a wide range of pathogens. Currently, active work is underway to create and test new chitosan preparations. Novochizol was obtained as a result of intramolecular crosslinking of linear chitosan molecules and has a globular shape. Previously, a Novochizol-stimulating effect on the growth and development of common wheat was demonstrated. However, the induced resistance mechanisms against rust diseases have not been studied before. The reported studies have revealed the dose effect of the preparation on the development of wheat stem rust. The best results of visual estimation of plant reactions were obtained with 0.125 and 0.75 % Novochizol pretreatment four days before rust infection. After pretreatment of susceptible cv. Novosibirsk 29 seedlings, a resistant reaction appeared and the urediniopustule density was decreased. Cytophysiological studies have shown that 0.75 % Novochizol stimulated an intensive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide H2O2 in the leaves of the infected and healthy plants within 48 hours post inoculation (h p/in). During the period of 48–144 h p/in, H2O2 gradually disappeared from tissues, but its content increased significantly at the sporulation stage around pustules. However, Novochizol did not induce the hypersensitivity reaction in infected plants. The preparation induced an earlier and more intensive (compared with untreated plants) accumulation of phenolic substances with different autofluorescence in the zones around pathogen colonies. Novochizol induced a change in the ratio of phenols with different spectral characteristics towards compounds with an increased content of syringin derivatives. This work is the first stage in the study of Novochizol effects on wheat defense mechanisms against stem rust. The research will be continued using molecular genetics, biochemical and cytophysiological methods.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.