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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4686</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОИНФОРМАТИКА И СИСТЕМНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOINFORMATICS AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение числа соприкасающихся зерен пшеницы на изображениях на основе эллиптической аппроксимации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Counting touching wheat grains in images based on elliptical approximation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авзалов</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avzalov</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новоси6ирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комышев</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komyshev</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новоси6ирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонников</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonnikov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новоси6ирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ada@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Си6ирского отделения Российской академии наук;&#13;
Новоси6ирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Си6ирского отделения Российской академии наук;&#13;
Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ СO РAН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Си6ирского отделения Российской академии наук;&#13;
Новоси6ирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет;&#13;
Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ СO РAН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Novosibirsk State University;&#13;
Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>608</fpage><lpage>614</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Авзалов Д.Р., Комышев Е.Г., Афонников Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авзалов Д.Р., Комышев Е.Г., Афонников Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avzalov D.R., Komyshev E.G., Afonnikov D.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4686">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4686</self-uri><abstract><p>Количество зерен растения напрямую характеризует его урожайность, а размер и форма тесно связаны с массой семян. Для оценки количества зерен, их формы и размеров в настоящее время, как правило, используют анализ цифровых изо6ражений. 3ерна на таких изо6ражениях могут 6ыть полностью разделены, соприкасаться или 6ыть плотно упакованными. B случае разделенных зерен высокую точность выделения и подсчета зерен на изо6ражении позволяют получить самые простые алгоритмы 6инаризации/сегментации, например алгоритм водораздела. Но в случае соприкасающихся зерен простые алгоритмы машинного зрения могут приводить к неточностям в определении контуров отдельных зерен. B этой связи актуальными являются методы точного определения контуров индивидуальных зерен в случае их соприкосновения. Oдин из подходов основан на поиске пикселей о6ласти соприкосновения зерен, в частности с помощью поиска угловых точек на границе контура зерен. Oднако зерна могут иметь сколы, впадины и выпуклости, что приводит к идентификации угловых точек, которые не соответствуют о6ласти контакта зерен. Это влечет за со6ой оши6ки и для их устранения тре6ует дополнительной о6ра6отки данных, фильтрации ложных угловых точек. B настоящей ра6оте мы предлагаем алгоритм идентификации зерен пшеницы на изо6ражении, который позволяет идентифицировать касающиеся зерна и определять их границы на изо6ражении. Он 6азируется на модификации алгоритма поиска угловых точек и использует метод отнесения пикселей границы контура к одному зерну на основе аппроксимации контуров зерен эллипсами. Мы показали на тестовых изо6ражениях, что предложенный алгоритм позволяет 6олее точно идентифицировать зерна на изо6ражении по сравнению с алгоритмом 6ез такой аппроксимации и алгоритмом водораздела. Однако временные затраты для такого алгоритма существенны и 6ыстро растут с увеличением количества зерен и контуров, включающих несколько зерен.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The number of grains of a cereal plant characterizes its yield, while grain size and shape are closely related to its weight. To estimate the number of grains, their shape and size, digital image analysis is now generally used. The grains in such images may be completely separated, touching or densely packed. In the first case, the simplest binarization/segmentation algorithms, such as the watershed algorithm, can achieve high accuracy in segmentation and counting grains in an image. However, in the case of touching grains, simple machine vision algorithms may lead to inaccuracies in determining the contours of individual grains. Therefore, methods for accurately determining the contours of individual grains when they are in contact are relevant. One approach is based on the search for pixels of the grain contact area, in particular, by identification of concave points on the grain contour boundary. However, some grains may have chips, depressions and bulges, which leads to the identification of the corner points that do not correspond to the grain contact region. Additional data processing is required to avoid these errors. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the identification of wheat grains in an image and determine their boundaries in the case when they are touching. The algorithm is based on using a modification of the concave point search algorithm and utilizes a method of assigning contour boundary pixels to a single grain based on approximation of grain contours by ellipses. We have shown that the proposed algorithm can identify grains in the image more accurately compared to the algorithm without such approximation and the watershed algorithm. However, the time cost for such an algorithm is significant and grows rapidly with increasing number of grains and contours including multiple grains.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пшеница</kwd><kwd>зерна</kwd><kwd>подсчет</kwd><kwd>цифровые изо6ражения</kwd><kwd>сегментация</kwd><kwd>алгоритм</kwd><kwd>угловые точки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wheat</kwd><kwd>grains</kwd><kwd>counting</kwd><kwd>digital images</kwd><kwd>segmentation</kwd><kwd>algorithm</kwd><kwd>concave points</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was funded by the Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Agreement No. 075-15-2019-1662 with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afonnikov D.A., Genaev M.A., Doroshkov A.V., Komyshev E.G., Pshenichnikova T.A. 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