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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4752</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ЦИТОГЕНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL CYTOGENOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Семейная транслокация между хромосомами 3 и 10: мейотическая сегрегация, диагностика и клинические проявления хромосомного дисбаланса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Familial translocation between chromosomes 3 and 10: meiotic segregation, diagnostics and clinical features of chromosomal</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-4392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Возилова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vozilova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vozilova_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8208-1587</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4170-2467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-1595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkarev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Налетова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nalyotova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9913-8853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Побединская</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pobedinskaya</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5108-6126</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабитова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabitova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Челябинская областная детская клиническая больница<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Chelyabinsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. Бочкова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>658</fpage><lpage>665</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Возилова А.В., Тарасова А.С., Иванов Е.А., Пушкарев В.П., Налетова Н.И., Побединская А.И., Сабитова А.С., Шилова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Возилова А.В., Тарасова А.С., Иванов Е.А., Пушкарев В.П., Налетова Н.И., Побединская А.И., Сабитова А.С., Шилова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vozilova A.V., Tarasova A.S., Ivanov E.A., Pushkarev V.P., Nalyotova N.I., Pobedinskaya A.I., Sabitova A.S., Shilova N.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4752">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4752</self-uri><abstract><p>   Реципрокные транслокации являются наиболее частой структурной хромосомной перестройкой и встречаются в популяции с частотой 0.08–0.3 %. Большинство носителей реципрокных транслокаций фенотипически нормальны, но имеют повышенный риск привычного невынашивания беременности или рождения детей с нарушением интеллектуального развития и множественными врожденными аномалиями и/или пороками развития вследствие патологической мейотической сегрегации хромосом, вовлеченных в транслокацию. В данной работе представлен семейный случай транслокации между дистальными участками короткого плеча хромосомы 3 и короткого плеча хромосомы 10, когда перестройка между хромосомами 3 и 10 была обнаружена у семи членов семьи в трех поколениях. Поводом для обследования семьи стало выявление при клиническом секвенировании экзома делеции сегмента p15 хромосомы 10 и дупликации сегмента p25 хромосомы 3 у пробанда с аномалиями фенотипа, что может соответствовать der(10)t(3;10)(p25;p15). Цитогенетическое исследование (GTG-окрашивание хромосом) членов семьи показало, что мать, а также бабушка, тетя и сибс пробанда без клинических и фенотипических аномалий являются носителями сбалансированной хромосомной перестройки – t(3;10)(p25;p15). У сибса пробанда, девочки с тяжелыми когнитивными, неврологическими нарушениями и аномалиями развития, определен кариотип 46,ХХ,der(3)t(3;10)(p25;p15)dmat. Молекулярное кариотипирование позволило уточнить размер хромосомного дисбаланса и точки разрыва на обеих хромосомах, вовлеченных в транслокацию. В статье представлено описание клинико-фенотипических особенностей при наличии в кариотипе дериватных хромосом 3 и 10. Обсуждаются механизм формирования хромосомного дисбаланса у членов семьи с аномалиями фенотипа, зависимость тяжести клинических проявлений от размера и генного состава обнаруженных хромосомных перестроек, а также необходимые мероприятия, направленные на предупреждение рождения ребенка с хромосомной патологией в семьях носителей аутосомных реципрокных транслокаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Reciprocal translocations are the most common structural chromosomal rearrangements, occurring at a frequency of 0.08–0.3 % in the human population. The vast majority of carriers of reciprocal translocations are phenotypically normal, but have an increased risk of miscarriage or the birth of children with intellectual disabilities and multiple congenital abnormalities due to meiotic malsegregation of chromosomes involved in the translocation. This study presents a familial case of translocation involving the distal regions of the short arms of chromosomes 3 and 10, detected in seven family members across three generations. The investigation was prompted by the detection of a deletion 10p15 and a duplication 3p25 revealed through clinical exome sequencing in a proband exhibiting phenotypic abnormalities, which may correspond to der(10)t(3;10)(p25;p15). GTG cytogenetic study of the proband’s family revealed that the mother, grandmother, aunt and brother – none of whom displayed any clinical or phenotypic manifestations – were carriers of a balanced chromosomal rearrangement, t(3;10)(p25;p15). By contrast, the karyotype of the proband’s sibling – a girl with severe cognitive, neurological, and developmental abnormalities – was found to be 46,XX,der(3)t(3;10)(p25;p15)dmat. Molecular karyotyping facilitated further clarification of the chromosomal imbalance and the precise breakpoints on both chromosomes involved in the translocation. This study provides a detailed description of the clinical and phenotypic manifestations resulting from the presence of derivative chromosomes 3 and 10 in the karyotype. Additionally, it discusses the mechanisms underlying the formation of chromosomal imbalances in the family members with the abnormal phenotype, the relationship between the severity of clinical manifestations and changes in gene dosage due to chromosomal rearrangements, as well as potential preventive and rehabilitative measures aimed at reducing the risk of chromosomal pathology in the families with carriers of autosomal reciprocal translocations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реципрокная транслокация</kwd><kwd>мейотическая сегрегация</kwd><kwd>хромосомный дисбаланс</kwd><kwd>дериватная хромосома 3</kwd><kwd>дериватная хромосома 10</kwd><kwd>GTG-окрашивание хромосом</kwd><kwd>клиническое секвенирование экзома</kwd><kwd>хромосомный микроматричный анализ</kwd><kwd>3р делеционный синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reciprocal translocations</kwd><kwd>meiotic segregation</kwd><kwd>genome imbalance</kwd><kwd>der(3)</kwd><kwd>der(10)</kwd><kwd>GTG-banded chromosomes</kwd><kwd>clinical exome sequencing</kwd><kwd>chromosomal microarray</kwd><kwd>3p deletion syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bache I., Brondum-Nielsen K., Tommerup N. 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