vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-78vavilov-4761Research ArticleПОПУЛЯЦИОННАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКАHUMAN POPULATION GENETICSОсобенности генофондов лесных и тундровых ненцев по гаплогруппам Y-хромосомыThe Forest and Tundra Nenets: differences in Y-chromosome haplogroupshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1679-2212ХарьковВ. Н.KharkovV. N.

Томск

Tomsk

ВалиховаЛ. В.ValikhovaL. V.

Томск

Tomsk

vladimir.kharkov@medgenetics.ruАдамовД. С.AdamovD. S.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-6339ЗарубинА. А.ZarubinA. A.

Томск

Tomsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-6020ХитринскаяИ. Ю.KhitrinskayaI. Yu.

Томск

Tomsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-331XСтепановВ. А.StepanovV. A.

Томск

Tomsk

Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра Российской академии наукРоссияResearch Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationМедико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. БочковаРоссияBochkov Research Centre for Medical GeneticsRussian Federation202504092025295711721Copyright © Харьков В.Н., Валихова Л.В., Адамов Д.С., Зарубин А.А., Хитринская И.Ю., Степанов В.А., 20252025Харьков В.Н., Валихова Л.В., Адамов Д.С., Зарубин А.А., Хитринская И.Ю., Степанов В.А.Kharkov V.N., Valikhova L.V., Adamov D.S., Zarubin A.A., Khitrinskaya I.Y., Stepanov V.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4761

   Исследованы лесные и тундровые ненцы из различных районов Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа по маркерам Y-хромосомы. Представлены результаты генетической структуры ненецких родов по 44 STR-маркерам Y-хромосомы с учетом их принадлежности к субэтносам (тундровые и лесные ненцы), а также к фратриям Харючи («настоящие ненцы») и Вануйто («иноплеменники»). Количество ненцев N = 606 делится на тундровых (N = 536) и лесных (N = 70). Для родов, принадлежащих к фратрии Харючи, специфична сублиния N1a2b1b1a~-B170, а для родов фратрии Вануйто – N1a2b1b1b-B172. У большинства родов, относящихся к субэтносу лесных ненцев, присутствует гаплогруппа N1a2b1-B478. Все мужчины рода Пяк, доминирующего у лесных ненцев, принадлежат к специфичной гаплогруппе N1a1a1a1a2a1c1~. Результаты работы свидетельствуют о том, что родовые объединения ненцев, как правило, имеют общего предка по мужской линии, для них характерен недавний эффект основателя. Каждый ненецкий род имеет свой специфичный кластер гаплотипов, равноудаленных друг от друга. Структура гаплотипов и гаплогрупп Y-хромосомы в составе ненецкого генофонда демонстрирует наследие ненцев от хантов и энцев. Для многих образцов из этих выборок показаны индивидуальные редкие гаплотипы, которые отсутствуют в базах данных и значительно отличаются от других гаплотипов, обнаруженных в этих популяциях. Они относятся к различным редким ветвям гаплогрупп Y-хромосомы, обнаруженным только в этих выборках. Часть образцов формирует отдельные варианты гаплотипов, которые не были описаны ранее, и позволяет более подробно охарактеризовать филогению этих линий. Лесные и тундровые ненцы сильно различаются по составу гаплогрупп, что полностью соответствует данным этнологов и лингвистов о происхождении этих популяций. У лесных ненцев преобладают гаплогруппа N1a1a1a1a2a1c1~-Y13850, Y13852, Y28540 CTS9108 (xY24219,Y24375) и с небольшой частотой гаплогруппа N1a2b1-B478, Z35080, Z35081, Z35082, Z35083, Z35084 (xB169). У тундровых ненцев доминируют три гаплогруппы, N1a2b1b1a~-B170 (xZ35104), N1a1a1a1a2a1c~-Y13850, Y13852, Y13138, PH3340 (xY24219,Y24365) и N1a2b1b1b-B172, Z35108.

   The Forest and Tundra Nenets in different areas of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug were studied using Y-chromosome markers. The results of analyzing the genetic structure of Nenets clans using 44 STR markers of the Y chromosome are presented, taking into account their presence in subethnoses (Tundra and Forest Nenets), as well as to the Kharyuchi (“true Nenets”) and Vanuito (“foreigners”) phratries. The number of the Nenets (N = 606) includes the Tundra (N = 536) and Forest (N = 70) Nenets. Sublineage N1a2b1b1a~-B170 is specific for the clans in the Kharyuchi phratry, and sublineage N1a2b1b1b-B172, for the clans in the Vanuito phratry. Most Forest Nenets clans have haplogroup N1a2b1-B478. All males of the Pyak clan, which is prevalent in the Forest Nenets, have a specific haplogroup, N1a1a1a1a2a1c1~. The results of the study suggest that the Nenets clan associations typically have a common ancestor in the male line and are characterized by a recent founder effect. Each Nenets clan has its own specific cluster of haplotypes, equidistant from each other. The structure of Y-chromosome haplotypes and haplogroups in the Nenets gene pool includes the Nenets heritage from the Khanty and Enets. Many samples from these sample sets were shown to have rare haplotypes that were absent from the baseline data and to differ significantly from the other haplotypes found in the populations. They belong to various rare branches of the Y-chromosome haplogroups found only in these sample sets. Some samples form haplotype variants that have not been described previously and allow us to characterize the phylogeny of these lineages in more detail. The Forest and Tundra Nenets differ greatly in the composition of haplogroups, which is fully consistent with ethnological and linguistic data on the origin of these populations. The predominant haplogroups are N1a1a1a1a2a1c1~-Y13850, Y13852, Y28540 CTS9108 (xY24219, Y24375) and N1a2b1-B478, Z35080, Z35081, Z35082, Z35083, Z35084 (xB169) in the Forest Nenets, and N1a2b1b1a~-B170 (xZ35104), N1a1a1a1a2a1c~-Y13850, Y13852, Y13138, PH3340 (xY24219, Y24365) and N1a2b1b1b-B172, Z35108 in the Tundra Nenets.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.