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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4803</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кариологическая дифференциация среди сортов мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.), контрастных по селекционному статусу и типу развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Karyological differentiation among bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) with distinct breeding statuses and growth habits</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мутерко</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muterko</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Новосибирск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Novosibirsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muterko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадаева</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badaeva</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> St. Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Новосибирск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Novosibirsk </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>753</fpage><lpage>768</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мутерко А.Ф., Бадаева Е.Д., Зуев Е.В., Салина Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мутерко А.Ф., Бадаева Е.Д., Зуев Е.В., Салина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muterko A.F., Badaeva E.D., Zuev E.V., Salina E.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4803">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4803</self-uri><abstract><p>На протяжении многих лет оценка внутривидовой изменчивости пшеницы не теряет своей актуальности. Хотя большинство современных сортов пшеницы относят к чистолинейным, гетерогенность сортовых популяций выступает одним из механизмов поддержания популяционного гомеостаза. Возможно, высокая эволюционная стабильность конститутивного гетерохроматина и его устойчивое распределение на хромосомах позволят эффективно использовать кариологический анализ не только для исследования генезиса и таксономии рода Triticum L., но и для изучения внутривидового разнообразия пшеницы. В этой связи проведена классификация 87 российских сортов мягкой пшеницы различного селекционного статуса (староместные и современные сорта) и типа развития (яровые и озимые) на основании оценки кариограмм, выполненной с использованием двух подходов. Первый подход основан на качественной оценке кариограмм по распределению гетерохроматиновых С-блоков на хромосомах. Мы также предположили, что количественная оценка кариограмм по размеру индивидуальных С-блоков (второй подход) сделает классификацию сортов более адекватной. Исследовались вариабельность, информативность и разрешающая способность диагностических признаков, тенденции в группировании сортов, а также их ассоциации с селекционным статусом и типом развития. Результаты выявили высокий потенциал С-окраски в дискриминации современных сортов мягкой пшеницы по типу развития и обособлении их озимых форм от местных культур. Гомогенность современных сортов по тестируемым кариологическим признакам была выше, чем староместных, а озимых – чем яровых. Полученная классификация отражает сохранение высокой общности в кариограммах современных яровых культур и сортовых популяций местного возделывания, а также слабую различимость кариограмм староместных сортов, контрастных по типу развития. Сравнительный анализ классификаций 20 выборочных сортов по данным С-окрашивания и ОНП-генотипирования (3126 полиморфных маркеров) предполагает, что изучение кариотипической изменчивости помогает составить более верное представление о дифференциации сортовых совокупностей пшеницы по селекционному статусу, чем при использовании ОНП-маркеров, детектирующих генную изменчивость, особенно при ограниченном количестве диагностических признаков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The assessment of intraspecific variability of wheat has been relevant for years. Although most modern wheat cultivars are considered to be pure lines, the heterogeneity of varietal populations is one of the mechanisms for maintaining population homeostasis. It is possible that the high evolutionary stability of constitutive heterochromatin and its stable distribution within chromosomes will allow us to use karyological analysis not only for studying the genesis and taxonomy of Triticum L., but also for studying the intraspecific diversity of wheat. In this regard, a classification of 87 Russian cultivars of common wheat differing in breeding status (landraces and modern cultivars) and growth habit (spring and winter) was carried out using two alternative approaches for assessing karyograms. The first approach uses the qualitative assessment of karyograms based on the distribution of C-bands on chromosomes. We also proposed that quantification of karyograms based on the size of C-bands would make the classification of cultivars more adequate. The variability, informative value and resolution of diagnostic features, trends in grouping cultivars, and their associations with the breeding status and growth habit were studied. A high potential of karyotyping with C-banding in discriminating modern cultivars by growth habit, as well as in separating winter cultivars from landraces has been revealed. In terms of the tested karyological features, the homogeneity of modern cultivars was higher than that of local cultivars, and the homogeneity of winter wheat was higher than that of spring wheat. The obtained classification reflects the preservation of high similarity in the karyograms of modern spring cultivars and landraces, as well as the low distinguishability between the karyograms of landraces differing in growth habit. A comparative analysis of the classifications of 20 cultivars using C-banding and SNP genotyping (3,126 polymorphic markers) suggests that studying the karyotypic variability allows us to infer a more accurate differentiation of wheat varietal populations based on the breeding status than using SNP markers that detect genetic variability, especially when the number of diagnostic features is limited.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мягкая яровая и озимая пшеница</kwd><kwd>староместные и современные сорта</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>кариологический анализ</kwd><kwd>кариосистематика</kwd><kwd>С-окраска хромосом</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>common winter and spring wheat</kwd><kwd>modern and local cultivars</kwd><kwd>landrace</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>karyological analysis</kwd><kwd>karyosystematics</kwd><kwd>C-banding</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was supported by Russian Science Foundation project No. 21-76-30003. 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