vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-85vavilov-4805Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И КАЧЕСТВОPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND QUALITYПребридинговые исследования почти изогенных линий яровой мягкой пшеницы, отличающихся по наличию/отсутствию хромосомного замещения 3R(3D) от сорта тритикале SatuPrebreeding studies of near-isogenic spring bread wheat lines, differing by presence or absence of the 3R(3D) chromosomal substitution from the triticale cultivar SatuСибикеевС. Н.SibikeevS. N.

 Саратов 

 Saratov 

sibikeev_sergey@mail.ruАдонинаИ. Г.AdoninaI. G.

 Новосибирск 

 Novosibirsk 

ДружинА. Е.DruzhinA. E.

 Саратов 

 Saratov 

ФитилеваЗ. Е.FitilevaZ. E.

 Саратов 

 Saratov 

БарановаО. А.BaranovaO. A.

 Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург 

 Pushkin, St. Petersburg 

Федеральный аграрный научный центр Юго-ВостокаРоссияFederal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East RegionRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растенийРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Plant ProtectionRussian Federation202509102025296779788Copyright © Сибикеев С.Н., Адонина И.Г., Дружин А.Е., Фитилева З.Е., Баранова О.А., 20252025Сибикеев С.Н., Адонина И.Г., Дружин А.Е., Фитилева З.Е., Баранова О.А.Sibikeev S.N., Adonina I.G., Druzhin A.E., Fitileva Z.E., Baranova O.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4805

Одним из источников устойчивости к возбудителям листовой и стеблевой ржавчин для мягкой пшеницы является австралийский сорт ярового тритикале Satu, несущий высокоэффективные сцепленные гены SrSatu/LrSatu, локализованные в хромосоме 3R. Однако они мало используются в практической селекции Triticum aestivum L. из-за недостаточной изученности влияния этих генов на продуктивность и качество зерна. В настоящей работе представлены результаты сравнительного исследования агрономической ценности почти изогенных линий-сибсов яровой мягкой пшеницы Л16 и Л17, полученных с участием сорта Satu и различающихся наличием (Л16) или отсутствием (Л17 (3D3D)) замещения 3R/3D. Хромосомное замещение 3R(3D) у Л16 выявлено при цитогенетическом анализе, сочетающем GISH c меченой геномной ДНК Secale cereale и FISH с зондами pSc119.2, pAs1. Линия Л16 высокоустойчива к Puccinia triticina и P. graminis, включая линейку расы Ug99. ПЦР-анализом с ДНК-маркерами генов Sr установлена неидентичность гена устойчивости у Л16 генам Sr: Sr2, Sr24, Sr25, Sr28, Sr31, Sr32, Sr36, Sr38, Sr39, Sr47 и Sr57. Урожайность зерна у Л16 в оба года исследований была ниже, чем у Л17 и сорта-стандарта Саратовская 76. По массе 1000 зерен Л16 уступила как Л17, так и Саратовской 76. Анализ элементов продуктивности главного колоса показал, что замещение 3R(3D) у Л16 значимо уменьшило длину колоса, повысив его плотность, и практически не повлияло на количество колосков и зерен в колосе и массу зерна с колоса. По содержанию белка в зерне линия Л16 значимо не отличалась ни от своего сибса Л17, ни от сорта Саратовская 76. Схожим образом не обнаружились значимые различия по содержанию клейковины. Однако клейковина у Л16 была более слабой по сравнению как с Л17, так и с сортом Саратовская 76. По комплексному показателю SDS-седиментации Л16 уступила Л17, но незначимо различалась с сортом-стандартом. По показателям альвеографа у Л16 более низкие упругость теста и сила муки, но по сравнению с сортом-стандартом понижение силы муки незначимое. По объему хлеба Л16 с 3D(3R) имела большее значение, чем Саратовская 76, но незначимо отличалась от своего сибса Л17 с 3D3D. По пористости все три образца не отличались друг от друга. В целом по комплексу хозяйственно ценных признаков линия яровой мягкой пшеницы Л16 (3R(3D)) требует дальнейшей работы по улучшению ее селекционной ценности.

One of the sources of resistance to leaf and stem rust pathogens for bread wheat is the Australian spring triticale cultivar Satu, which carries highly effective linked SrSatu/LrSatu genes localized on chromosome 3R. However, they are little used in the practical breeding of Triticum aestivum L. The main reason for that is a low level of knowledge regarding the 3R(3D) chromosomal substitution. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of the agronomic value of near-isogenic spring bread wheat siblings, L16 and L17 = Satu/Saratovskaya 70//Saratovskaya 74/3/ Saratovskaya 74, differing by presence (L16 (3R(3D))) or absence (L17 (3D3D)) of chromosome 3R from Satu in 2023– 2024. The 3R(3D) chromosomal substitution in L16 was detected by cytogenetic analysis combining GISH with labeled Secale cereale genomic DNA and FISH with probes pSc119.2, pAs1. Line L16 is highly resistant to Puccinia triticina and P. graminis, including the Ug99 race. PCR analysis with DNA markers of Sr genes revealed the non-identity of the resistance gene in L16 to Sr genes: Sr2, Sr24, Sr25, Sr28, Sr31, Sr32, Sr36, Sr38, Sr39, Sr47 and Sr57. L16 was inferior to both L17 and the standard cultivar Saratovskaya 76 in terms of 1,000-grain weight. An analysis of productivity elements of the main ear revealed that the 3R(3D) substitution in L16 significantly reduced the length of the ear, increased the density of the ear and did not significantly affect the number of spikelets and the number of grains per ear and the grain weight per ear. The grain protein content in L16 did not significantly differ from its L17 siblings or Saratovskaya 76. Similarly, there were no significant differences in gluten content. However, gluten in L16 was weaker in comparison with line L17 and Saratovskaya 76. According to the complex trait of SDS sedimentation, L16 was inferior to L17, but did not significantly differ from the standard cultivar. According to the alveograph, L16 had significantly lower dough elasticity and flour strength, but in comparison with the standard cultivar, the decrease in flour strength was not significant. L16 showed a higher bread volume than Saratovskaya 76, but did not significantly differ from its L17 sibling. There was no difference in porosity for all three samples. In general, in terms of the complex of agronomically valuable traits, the spring bread wheat line L16 (3R(3D)) requires further work to improve its breeding value.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.