vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-86vavilov-4806Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И КАЧЕСТВОPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND QUALITYВариабельность минерального состава зерна твердой пшеницы (Triticum durum Desf.) в различных экологических условияхVariability of the mineral composition of durum wheat grain (Triticum durum Desf.) under different environmental conditionsЛеоноваИ. Н.LeonovaI. N.

 Новосибирск 

 Novosibirsk 

leonova@bionet.nsc.ruМальчиковП. Н.MalchikovP. N.

 Новосибирск 

 п. г. т. Безенчук, Самарская область 

 Novosibirsk 

 Bezenchuk, Samara region 

ВиниченкоН. А.VinichenkoN. A.

 Новосибирск 

 Novosibirsk 

ПискаревВ. В.PiskarevV. V.

 Новосибирск 

 р. п. Краснообск, Новосибирская область 

 Novosibirsk 

 Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region 

МясниковаМ. Г.MyasnikovaM. G.

 п. г. т. Безенчук, Самарская область 

 Bezenchuk, Samara region 

АпаринаВ. А.AparinaV. A.

 Новосибирск 

 р. п. Краснообск, Новосибирская область 

 Novosibirsk 

 Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region 

ЧахееваТ. В.ChaheevaT. V.

 п. г. т. Безенчук, Самарская область 

 Bezenchuk, Samara region 

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Самарский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Самарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства им. Н.М. ТулайковаРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Samara Federal Research Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute named after N.M. TulaykovRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationСамарский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Самарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства им. Н.М. ТулайковаРоссияSamara Federal Research Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute named after N.M. TulaykovRussian Federation202509102025296789797Copyright © Леонова И.Н., Мальчиков П.Н., Виниченко Н.А., Пискарев В.В., Мясникова М.Г., Апарина В.А., Чахеева Т.В., 20252025Леонова И.Н., Мальчиков П.Н., Виниченко Н.А., Пискарев В.В., Мясникова М.Г., Апарина В.А., Чахеева Т.В.Leonova I.N., Malchikov P.N., Vinichenko N.A., Piskarev V.V., Myasnikova M.G., Aparina V.A., Chaheeva T.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4806

Минеральный состав зерна пшеницы играет ключевую роль в определении его питательной ценности. В данной работе проведена оценка коллекции из 133 сортов и селекционных линий яровой твердой пшеницы отечественного и иностранного происхождения по содержанию в зерне макроэлементов (Ca, Mg, K), микроэлементов (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Na) и токсичных металлов (Pb, Cd, Cr) при выращивании в экологических условиях Самарской и Новосибирской областей. Результаты показали широкий размах варьирования концентрации всех элементов в зависимости от генотипических различий между образцами и региона выращивания. Значительное превышение концентрации Ca и Mg в 3.1 и 1.5 раза соответственно отмечено у сортообразцов, выращенных в Самарской области. Культивирование образцов в условиях Новосибирской области сопровождалось превышением содержания Zn, Pb и Cr в зерне более чем в два раза. Статистический анализ содержания минеральных элементов у образцов различного происхождения свидетельствует о том, что российские селекционные линии достоверно превышают отечественные сорта по содержанию Mg, но при этом уступают по концентрации К, Cu и Mn. Сортообразцы иностранной селекции отличались от российских сортов и линий повышенным содержанием K и тяжелых металлов Cd и Cr. Анализ корреляций, проведенный на основании средних значений показателей по двум регионам, указывает на наличие высокодостоверных (p < 0.001) положительных взаимосвязей между содержанием микроэлементов Fe/Mn (r2 = 0.69), Fe/Zn (r2 = 0.49) и Zn/Mn (r2 = 0.46), что предполагает возможность проведения отбора генотипов по нескольким элементам одновременно. Многомерный статистический анализ разделил образцы на две группы, одна из которых включала российские сорта и селекционные линии, а также часть иностранных образцов. Отдельный кластер состоял из семи российских селекционных линий, расположенных дистантно от остальных образцов, что предполагает их различия на генетическом уровне. Сравнение этих линий по минеральному составу показало, что линии в среднем характеризуются более высокими концентрациями Mg, K, Zn и Fe. Данные по содержанию микро- и макроэлементов в изученных сортообразцах яровой твердой пшеницы могут быть использованы для генетических исследований и практической селекции для улучшения существующих сортов по минеральному составу

The composition of wheat grain plays a key role in determining its nutritional value. In this work, a collection of 133 durum wheat varieties and breeding lines was assessed for the content of macroelements (Ca, Mg, K), microelements (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Na) and toxic metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) in grain under the environmental conditions of Samara and Novosibirsk regions in 2023. The results showed a wide range of variations in the concentration of all elements depending on genotypic differences between the samples as well as the growing region. Ca and Mg contents in the varieties grown in Samara region showed a significant excess of 3.1- and 1.5-fold, respectively. Zn, Pb, and Cr content in the varieties cultivated in Novosibirsk turned out to be two times as high. Statistical analysis of element concentrations in the varieties of different origin indicates that Russian breeding lines significantly outperform Russian cultivars in Mg content, while being inferior in K, Cu, and Mn. Compared to Russian cultivars and breeding lines, foreign varieties demonstrated higher contents of K and heavy metals Cd and Cr. Correlation analysis using mean values of indicators for two environments showed highly significant (p < 0.001) positive relationships between the content of microelements Fe/Mn (r2 = 0.69), Fe/Zn (r2 = 0.49), and Zn/Mn (r2 = 0.46), which suggests a feasibility of selecting genotypes for several elements at once. Multivariate statistics divided the durum wheat collection into two groups, one of them including Russian cultivars and breeding lines as well as some foreign genotypes. A separate cluster included seven Russian breeding lines placed at a distance from the other varieties, which suggested their potential differences at the genetic level. Comparing these lines with respect to mineral composition showed that they were, on average, characterized by higher Mg, K, Zn, and Fe contents. The data obtained in this study can be used for genetic research and breeding to improve the grain mineral composition of the modern durum wheat varieties.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.