vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-93vavilov-4813Research ArticleФИЛОГЕНЕТИКАHIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPINGПоследовательности ДНК агробактериального происхождения в филогенетических исследованиях растенийAgrobacterium-derived DNA sequences in phylogenetic studies of plantsМатвееваТ. В.MatveevaT. V.

 Санкт-Петербург 

 St. Petersburg 

radishlet@gmail.comЖурбенкоП. М.ZhurbenkoP. M.

 Санкт-Петербург 

 St. Petersburg 

ХафизоваГ. В.KhafizovaG. V.

 Хьюстон 

 Houston 

ШапошниковА. Д.ShaposhnikovA. D.

 Санкт-Петербург 

 St. Petersburg 

ЖидкинР. Р.ZhidkinR. R.

 Санкт-Петербург 

 St. Petersburg 

РодионовА. В.RodionovA. V.

 Санкт-Петербург 

 St. Petersburg 

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияSaint-Petersburg State UniversityRussian FederationБотанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наукРоссияKomarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationХьюстонский университетСоединённые Штаты АмерикиUniversity of HoustonUnited StatesСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наукРоссияSaint-Petersburg State University; Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202509102025296856867Copyright © Матвеева Т.В., Журбенко П.М., Хафизова Г.В., Шапошников А.Д., Жидкин Р.Р., Родионов А.В., 20252025Матвеева Т.В., Журбенко П.М., Хафизова Г.В., Шапошников А.Д., Жидкин Р.Р., Родионов А.В.Matveeva T.V., Zhurbenko P.M., Khafizova G.V., Shaposhnikov A.D., Zhidkin R.R., Rodionov A.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4813

Агробактериальная трансформация – наиболее распространенный метод получения трансгенных растений. Метод основан на способности определенных почвенных бактерий родов Agrobacterium и Rhizobium переносить и интегрировать в хромосому растения-реципиента фрагмент своей плазмиды. Этот фрагмент получил название Т-ДНК (transferred DNA – переносимая ДНК). В лабораторных условиях было показано, что из трансгенных клеток можно регенерировать целые растения. Вскоре стало ясно, что подобные процессы происходят и в природе, приводя к появлению природно-трансгенных растений или природных генно-инженерно-модифицированных организмов (ГМО). Таким образом, природно-трансгенными называются растения, у которых в геномах присутствуют гомологи генов Т-ДНК агробактерий (клеточные Т-ДНК, клТ-ДНК). Эти последовательности наследуются в ряду половых поколений и сохраняют свою функциональность. Кроме того, продемонстрирована возможность использования новоприобретенных растениями последовательностей в филогенетических исследованиях, поскольку клT-ДНК являются четко определенными, высокоспецифичными и узнаваемыми фрагментами ДНК, не похожими на последовательности ДНК растений. Они не встречаются у нетрансформированных предков, и их интеграция в определенном хромосомном сайте маркирует монофилетическую группу видов. В представленном обзоре освещены вопросы разнообразия клТ-ДНК, возможности их применения как филогенетических маркеров, в том числе описаны основные методические подходы таких работ, на конкретных примерах рассмотрены возможности уточнения спорных моментов в филогении родов Nicotiana, Camellia, Vaccinium и Arachis. Важным моментом филогенетического анализа на основе клТ-ДНК является реконструкция отдельных аллелей. Это дает возможность отслеживать факты межвидовой гибридизации. Именно этот подход позволил продемонстрировать незавершенный процесс видообразования в пределах секции Thea рода Camellia, а также подтвердил использование межвидовой гибридизации в ходе селекции североамериканских голубик. В обзоре рассмотрены вопросы датировки событий трансформации на основе клТ-ДНК, организованных в виде несовершенных повторов, а также использования филогенетических исследований при изучении вопросов биоразнообразия генов Т-ДНК агробактериального происхождения.

One of the main methods for obtaining transgenic plants is Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. This process relies on the ability of certain soil bacteria, specifically from the genera Agrobacterium and Rhizobium, to transfer and integrate a fragment of their plasmid into the chromosome of the recipient plant. This transferred DNA is referred to as T-DNA. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that whole plants can be regenerated from transgenic cells. It soon became evident that similar processes occur in nature, leading to the emergence of naturally transgenic plants, or natural GMOs. Thus, naturally transgenic plants possess homologues of the T-DNA genes from agrobacteria in their genomes (cellular T-DNA, or cT-DNA). These sequences are inherited through multiple sexual generations and retain their functionality. Furthermore, the potential for using newly acquired plant sequences in phylogenetic studies has been established, as cT-DNAs are clearly defined, highly specific, and recognizable DNA fragments that differ from typical plant DNA sequences. They are not found in untransformed ancestors, and their integration at specific chromosomal sites marks a monophyletic group of species. This review highlights the diversity of cellular T-DNAs and their potential use as phylogenetic markers. It includes a description of the main methodological approaches to such studies and discusses specific examples that clarify controversial points in the phylogeny of the genera Nicotiana, Camellia, Vaccinium, and Arachis. An important aspect of phylogenetic analysis based on cT-DNA is the assembly of individual alleles, which enables the tracking of interspecific hybridization events. This approach demonstrated the incomplete process of speciation within the Thea section of the genus Camellia and confirmed the role of interspecific hybridization in the breeding of North American blueberries. The review also addresses the dating of transformation events based on cT-DNA, which are organized in the form of imperfect repeats, as well as the application of phylogenetic studies to investigate the biodiversity of agrobacterial T-DNA genes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.