vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-96vavilov-4816Research ArticleАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИMAINSTREAM TECHNOLOGIESУвеличение доли дальнего красного света сокращает вегетационный период тритикале в условиях спидбридингаA higher far-red intensity promotes the transition to flowering in triticale grown under speed breeding conditionsБлинковА. О.BlinkovA. O.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

aoblinkov@gmail.comНагамоваВ. М.NagamovaV. M.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

МиньковаЯ. В.MinkovaY. V.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

СвистуноваН. Ю.SvistunovaN. Yu.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

РадзениецеС.RadzenieceS.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

КочешковаА. А.KocheshkovaA. A.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

СлепцовН. Н.SleptsovN. N.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

ФреймансА. В.FreymansA. V.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

ПанченкоВ. В.PanchenkoV. V.

 Краснодар 

 Krasnodar 

ЧерноокА Г.ChernookA. G.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

КарловГ. И.KarlovG. I.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

ДивашукМ. Г.DivashukM. G.

 Москва 

 Moscow 

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологииРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural BiotechnologyRussian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии; Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology; Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian FederationООО «Климбиотех»РоссияLLC “Climbiotech”Russian FederationНациональный центр зерна им. П.П. ЛукьяненкоРоссияP.P. Lukyanenko National Grain CentreRussian Federation202509102025296896904Copyright © Блинков А.О., Нагамова В.М., Минькова Я.В., Свистунова Н.Ю., Радзениеце С., Кочешкова А.А., Слепцов Н.Н., Фрейманс А.В., Панченко В.В., Черноок А.Г., Карлов Г.И., Дивашук М.Г., 20252025Блинков А.О., Нагамова В.М., Минькова Я.В., Свистунова Н.Ю., Радзениеце С., Кочешкова А.А., Слепцов Н.Н., Фрейманс А.В., Панченко В.В., Черноок А.Г., Карлов Г.И., Дивашук М.Г.Blinkov A.O., Nagamova V.M., Minkova Y.V., Svistunova N.Y., Radzeniece S., Kocheshkova A.A., Sleptsov N.N., Freymans A.V., Panchenko V.V., Chernook A.G., Karlov G.I., Divashuk M.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4816

Работа по созданию нового перспективного сорта занимает в среднем 12–15 лет. Одним из возможных решений проблемы сокращения длительности селекционного процесса становится технология спидбридинг (speed breeding). Метод, направленный на сокращение вегетационного периода, позволяет получать до шести последовательных поколений яровых злаков за один год. К сожалению, в протоколах спидбридинга уделено мало внимания дальнему красному свету – широко известному индуктору быстрого перехода к цветению. В нашей работе мы оценили возможность использования дальнего красного света для оптимизации спидбридинга яровой тритикале. Экспериментальные растения выращивали в трех вариантах освещения, различающихся соотношением уровней излучения в области 660 нм (К – красный) и 730 нм (ДК – дальний красный): 1) К/ДК 3.75 (К > ДК); 2) К/ДК 0.8 (К = ДК) и 3) К/ДК 0.3 (К < ДК). В результате установлено, что начало цветения тритикале наступало значительно раньше при самом низком соотношении красного к дальнему красному свету (К/ДК 0.3). В среднем при К/ДК 0.3 растения, вегетирующие на минеральной вате и почвенной смеси, зацветали соответственно на 2.6 и 4.1 суток быстрее, чем при варианте К/ДК 3.75. Статистически значимой разницы по продолжительности периода от посева до цветения между вариантами К/ДК 3.75 и К/ДК 0.8 не выявлено. Показано негативное влияние увеличенной доли дальнего красного света на репродуктивную систему тритикале. У семян, сформировавшихся при К/ДК 0.3, наблюдалась значительно меньшая энергия прорастания и всхожесть. Различий в регенерационных способностях изолированных in vitro зародышей, полученных от тритикале, выросшей под светом с разным спектральным составом, не обнаружено. Полученные нами результаты демонстрируют, что для сокращения времени от посева до цветения тритикале важно не только наличие дальнего красного света, но и его соотношение с красным, а именно использование состава, близкого к соотношению К/ДК 0.3. Модифицированный по спектральному составу света протокол спидбридинга позволил инициировать цветение уже на 33.9 ± 1.2 сутки с момента посева. Аналогичный сорт тритикале в полевых условиях Краснодарского края и классических лабораторных условиях выращивания с фотопериодом 18/6 ч день/ночь зацветал на 25–29 суток позже, чем в условиях спидбридинга.

It typically takes 12 to 15 years to develop a new promising variety. One of the ways to reduce this time is through speed breeding. This method allows for up to six consecutive generations of spring cereals in a single year. Although far-red light is often overlooked in speed breeding protocols, it serves as a potent inducer of accelerated flowering in various plant species. In this study, we explored the advantages of far-red light as a means to optimize the speed breeding of spring triticale. Experimental plants were cultivated under three conditions with different red to far-red ratios at 660 nm (R – red) and 730 nm (FR – far red): 1) 3.75 (R > FR); 2) 0.8 (R = FR) and 3) 0.3 (R < FR). We found that the onset of triticale flowering occurred significantly earlier at the lowest red to far-red light ratio (R/FR 0.3). On average, plants bloomed 2.6 and 4.1 days earlier in a mineral wool and a soil mixture at R/FR 0.3, respectively, than those grown at R/FR 3.75. A negative effect of higher-intensity far-red light on the reproductive system of triticale was observed. Additionally, seeds obtained from plants grown under higher-intensity far-red light showed significantly lower germination energy and capacity. No differences were found in the regenerative capacity of isolated embryos in vitro obtained from plants grown under the different spectral compositions. Our results demonstrate that the accelerated triticale development requires not only the involvement of far-red light, but also a specific red to far-red light ratio close to 0.3. A modified speed breeding protocol relying on this ratio enabled flowering to commence as early as 33.9 ± 1.2 days after sowing. The same triticale variety grown under field conditions in the Krasnodar region and in traditional laboratory growing conditions with a photoperiod of 18/6 h day/night flowered 25 to 29 days later than those cultivated under the speed breeding conditions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.