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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ15.088</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-487</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Геномика и анализ полиморфизмов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genomics and Polymorphism Analysis</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка роли однонуклеотидного полиморфизма в гене лимфотоксина бета при доместикации свиньи на основе биоинформационного и экспериментального подходов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dissecting the role of single nucleotide polymorphism of lymphotoxin beta gene during pig domestication using bioinformatic and experimental approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айтназаров</surname><given-names>Р. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aitnazarov</surname><given-names>R. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатьева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatieva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базарова</surname><given-names>Н. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazarova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левицкий</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levitsky</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князев</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazev</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гон</surname><given-names>Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gon</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">yudin@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики&#13;
Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия&#13;
&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RA S, Novosibirsk, Russia&#13;
&#13;
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский государственный аграрный&#13;
университет», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет, Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет», Новосибирск, Россия&#13;
&#13;
Хэйлунцзянский университет, биологический факультет, Харбин, Хэйлунцзянская провинция, Китай<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia&#13;
&#13;
Heilongjiang University College of Life Sciences, Harbin, China<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики&#13;
Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия&#13;
&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины», Новосибирск, Россия&#13;
&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RA S, Novosibirsk, Russia&#13;
&#13;
Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia&#13;
&#13;
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>699</fpage><lpage>706</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айтназаров Р.Б., Игнатьева Е.В., Базарова Н.Э., Левицкий В.Г., Князев С.П., Гон Я., Юдин Н.С., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айтназаров Р.Б., Игнатьева Е.В., Базарова Н.Э., Левицкий В.Г., Князев С.П., Гон Я., Юдин Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aitnazarov R.B., Ignatieva E.V., Bazarova N.E., Levitsky V.G., Knyazev S.P., Gon Y., Yudin N.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/487">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/487</self-uri><abstract><p>В работах, выполненных на диких и лабораторных животных, показано существование компромисса между репродуктивным успехом и иммунитетом. Поэтому в процессе доместикации могли отбираться особи с повышенными репродуктивными способностями, но со сниженным иммунитетом. Пониженная реактивность иммунной системы могла в дальнейшем стать наследуемой путем фиксации в популяции генов с «неблагоприятными » мутациями. Цель исследования – изучить: 1) частоты генотипов и аллелей однонуклеотидного полиморфизма (SNP – Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) SNP rs340283541 в гене цитокина лимфотоксина бета (LTB) у домашних свиней и диких кабанов; 2) экспрессию мРНК этого гена у миниатюрных свиней с разными генотипами; 3) провести биоинформатичеcкий анализ потенциальной функциональной роли этого SNP. Частота генотипа GG в выборке кабанов была достоверно ниже частоты данного генотипа в объединенной выборке из разных пород и популяций домашних свиней. Уровень экспрессии мРНК гена LTB в лимфатическом узле у миниатюрных свиней с генотипом GG имел тенденцию к повышению (р &lt; 0,06), по сравнению с носителями аллеля А. SNP rs340283541 входит в состав мотива ДНК с высокой степенью консервативности у 12 видов млекопитающих, что косвенно свидетельствует о его важной функциональной роли. С помощью контекстного анализа выявлено, что аллель А содержит потенциальные сайты связывания транскрипционных факторов BRN-2 и AP-1, а аллель G – факторов RFX1, ISGF3 (сайт ISRE) и USF, которые экспрессируются в клетках иммунной системы. Таким образом, в процессе доместикации свиней произошло повышение частоты генотипа GG SNP rs340283541 в 3’-области гена LTB. Генотип GG, вероятно, ассоциирован с повышенным уровнем экспрессии мРНК гена LTB в ткани лимфатического узла. Повышение уровня экспрессии у свиней с генотипом GG может быть связано с образованием сайтов связывания транскрипционных факторов RFX1, ISRE, USF и/или разрушением сайтов связывания BRN-2 и AP-1. Также не исключ ено, что полиморфизм rs340283541 находится в неравновесии по сцеплению с другой функционально значимой мутацией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Studies of wild and laboratory animals have revealed a trade-off between reproductive success and immunity. Therefore, it is likely that domestication favored selection of individuals with high reproductive performance but low immunity. The low responsiveness of the immune system could become hereditary through fixation of genes with “unfavorable” mutations in populations. The objectives of this work are: 1) determination of frequencies of genotypes and alleles of the rs340283541 SNP in the gene for the lymphotoxin beta (LTB) cytokine in pigs of domestic breeds and wild boars; 2) investigation of the expression of LTB mRNA in minipigs with different genotypes, and 3) bioinformational analysis of the putative functional role of the SNP. The frequency of the GG genotype in the wild boar sample was significantly lower than in the pooled sample of domestic pigs. The LTB mRNA expression rate in the lymph node of minipigs with genotype GG tended to increase (p &lt; 0.06) in comparison with carriers o allele A. The rs340283541 SNP occurs in a DNA motif highly conservative among 11 mammalian species; thus, it may be of functional significance. Context analysis shows that allele A has putative binding sites for  transcription factors BRN-2 and AP-1, whereas allele G has binding sites for transcription factors RFX1, ISGF3 (site ISRE), and USF expressed in cells of the immune system. Thus, pig domestication was accompanied by an increase in the frequency of the GG genotype for the rs340283541 SNP, occurring in the 3’ region of the LTB gene. It is likely that the GG genotype is associated with elevated LTB mRNA expression in the lymph node tissue. This increase may be related to the formation of binding sites for RFX1, ISRE, and USF and/or disruption of binding sites for BRN-2 and AP-1. A linkage disequilibrium between rs340283541 and another functionally significant mutation in LTB is also conceivable.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>доместикация</kwd><kwd>свинья</kwd><kwd>дикий кабан</kwd><kwd>ген</kwd><kwd>лимфотоксин бета</kwd><kwd>однонуклеотидный полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>SNP</kwd><kwd>транскрипция</kwd><kwd>сайт связывания транскрипционного фактора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>domestication</kwd><kwd>pig</kwd><kwd>wild boar</kwd><kwd>gene</kwd><kwd>lymphotoxin beta</kwd><kwd>single nucleotide polymorphism</kwd><kwd>SNP</kwd><kwd>transcription</kwd><kwd>transcription factor binding site</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айтназаров Р.Б., Юдин Н.С., Никитин С.В., Ермолаев В.И., Воевода М.И. Идентификация полноразмерных геномов эндогенных ретровирусов у сибирских мини-свиней. 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