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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4886</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМНАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYSTEMS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Математические модели метаболизма железа: структура и функции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mathematical models of iron metabolism: structure and functions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-998X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельченко</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melchenko</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-8620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акбердин</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akberdin</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск; Краснодарский край, федеральная территория «Сириус»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk; Krasnodar region; Sirius Federal Territory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akberdin@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет; Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Научный центр генетики и наук о жизни, Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University; Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Research Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>1031</fpage><lpage>1040</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мельченко Н.И., Акбердин И.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельченко Н.И., Акбердин И.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melchenko N.I., Akberdin I.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4886">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4886</self-uri><abstract><p>   Математические модели представляют собой мощный теоретический инструмент для изучения сложных биологических систем. Они позволяют прослеживать неочевидные взаимодействия и проводить виртуальные эксперименты для решения практических задач. Железо играет ключевую роль в транспорте кислорода в организме млекопитающих. В то же время высокая концентрация этого микроэлемента может повреждать клеточные структуры за счет продукции активных форм кислорода, а также привести к ферроптозу (программируемая клеточная гибель в связи с железозависимым перекисным окислением липидов). Большой вклад в регуляцию метаболизма железа вносит иммунная система: гипоферритинемия (снижение концентрации ферритина в крови) на фоне инфекции является результатом врожденного ответа иммунной системы. В исследовании метаболизма железа многие аспекты регуляции остаются недостаточно изученными; требуется более глубокое понимание структурно-функциональной организации и динамики всех компонентов этого комплексного процесса в норме и при патологии.</p><p>   Важным инструментом, позволяющим выявить наиболее существенные регуляторные взаимодействия и предсказать поведение метаболической системы регуляции железа в организме человека в разных условиях, становится математическое моделирование.</p><p>   Данная работа представляет обзор моделей метаболизма железа, применимых к человеку, в порядке их создания, что позволяет оценить историю развития и приоритеты в моделировании метаболизма железа. Мы акцентировали внимание на постановке численных задач в анализируемых моделях, их структуре и воспроизводимости, на основе чего выделили их недостатки и преимущества. Современные модели способны численно воспроизвести множество экспериментов: гемотрансфузию, нарушение сигнального пути; мутацию в гене ферропортина; хроническое воспаление. Однако существующие математические модели метаболизма железа сложно масштабировать, и они не учитывают работу других органов и систем, в связи с чем их применение остается крайне ограниченным. Для расширения применимости компьютерных моделей в решении практических задач, связанных с метаболизмом железа в организме человека, необходимо создать масштабируемую и верифицируемую математическую модель метаболизма железа с учетом взаимодействия с другими функциональными системами человека (например, иммунной) и современных стандартов представления математических моделей биологических систем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Mathematical models represent a powerful theoretical tool for studying complex biological systems. They provide an opportunity to track non-obvious interactions and conduct in silico experiments to address practical problems. Iron plays a key role in oxygen transport in the mammals. However, a high concentration of this microelement can damage cellular structures through the production of reactive oxygen species and can also lead to ferroptosis (programmed cell death associated with iron-dependent lipid peroxidation). The immune system contributes greatly to the regulation of iron metabolism – hypoferritinemia (decreased ferritin concentration in the blood) during infection – which is a result of the innate immune response. In the study of iron metabolism, many aspects of regulation remain insufficiently studied and require a deeper understanding of the structural-functional organization and dynamics of all components of this complex process in both normal and pathological conditions.</p><p>   Consequently, mathematical modeling becomes an important tool to identify key regulatory interactions and predict the behavior of the iron metabolism regulatory system in the human body under various conditions.</p><p>   This article presents a review of iron metabolism models applicable to humans presented in chronological order of their development to illustrate the evolution and priorities in modeling iron metabolism. We focused on the formulation of numerical problems in the analyzed models, their structure and reproducibility, thereby highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. Advanced models can numerically simulate various experimental scenarios: blood transfusion, signaling pathway disruption, mutation in the ferroportin gene, and chronic inflammation. However, existing mathematical models of iron metabolism are difficult to scale and do not account for the functioning of other organs and systems, which severely limits their applicability. Therefore, to enhance the utility of computational models in solving practical problems related to iron metabolism in the human body, it is necessary to develop a scalable and verifiable mathematical model of iron metabolism that considers interactions with other functional human systems (e. g., the immune system) and state-of-the-art standards for representing mathematical models of biological systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>метаболизм железа</kwd><kwd>ферритин</kwd><kwd>гепсидин</kwd><kwd>обыкновенные дифференциальные уравнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mathematical modeling</kwd><kwd>iron metabolism</kwd><kwd>ferritin</kwd><kwd>hepcidin</kwd><kwd>ordinary differential equations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was conducted with the support of a state project FWNR-2022-0020 at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed M.H., Ghatge M.S., Safo M.K. 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