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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4887</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМНАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYSTEMS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Идентификация и анализ сетевой структуры связей между компонентами иммунной системы у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identification and analysis of the connection network structure between the components of the immune system in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-193X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенников</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebennikov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топтыгина</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toptygina</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-0656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочаров</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bocharov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.bocharov@inm.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт вычислительной математики им. Г.И. Марчука Российской академии наук; Отделение Московского центра фундаментальной и прикладной математики в ИВМ РАН; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации&#13;
(Сеченовский университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS); Moscow Center of Fundamental and Applied Mathematics at INM RAS;  Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>1041</fpage><lpage>1050</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гребенников Д.С., Топтыгина А.П., Бочаров Г.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гребенников Д.С., Топтыгина А.П., Бочаров Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grebennikov D.S., Toptygina A.P., Bocharov G.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4887">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4887</self-uri><abstract><p>   Идентификация связей между различными функциональными компонентами иммунной системы представляет собой чрезвычайно актуальную задачу современной иммунологии. Это необходимо для понимания механизмов динамики и исхода инфекционных и онкологических заболеваний при реализации системно-биологического подхода. Параметры, характеризующие иммунный статус человека, отличаются большой размерностью пространства состояний при малой мощности выборки. Для изучения сетевой топологии иммунной системы нами использованы ранее опубликованные оригинальные данные (Toptygina et al, 2023) измерений показателей иммунного статуса у 19 здоровых индивидуумов – детей, 9 мальчиков и 10 девочек, в возрасте от одного до двух лет: популяций иммунных клеток (42 субпопуляции), полученных с помощью проточной цитометрии; уровней цитокинов (13 типов), полученных методами мультиплексного анализа; уровня антител (4 типа), определенных с помощью иммуноферментного анализа. Для корректного (статистически значимого) определения корреляционных связей между измеряемыми переменными и построения графа сетевой топологии может быть использован подход, который учитывает малый размер множества данных. В нашей работе был реализован и исследован подход, в основе которого лежит регуляризированный алгоритм скорректированных разреженных частных корреляций (DSPC) оценивания разреженных частных корреляций и идентификации сетевой структуры взаимосвязей в иммунной системе по данным иммунного статуса здоровых детей, включающего набор показателей субпопуляций клеток иммунной системы, уровня цитокинов и антител. Для разных уровней статистической значимости были построены тепловые карты частных корреляций, выполнена визуализация сетей частных корреляций в виде графов и проведен анализ их топологических характеристик. Получено, что при ограниченной выборке измерений выбор порога для уровня статистической значимости имеет принципиальное значение для формирования матрицы частных корреляций. Окончательная верификация иммунологически корректной структуры связей требует как увеличения размера выборки, так и сопряжения с априорными механизменными представлениями и моделями функционирования компонент иммунной системы. Результаты могут быть использованы для выбора мишеней терапии и формирования комбинированных воздействий..</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Identification of the connections between the various functional components of the immune system is a crucial task in modern immunology. It is key to implementing the systems biology approach to understand the mechanisms of dynamic changes and outcomes of infectious and oncological diseases. The data characterizing an individual’s immune status typically have a high-dimensional state space and a small sample size. To study the network topology of the immune system, we utilized previously published original data from Toptygina et al. (2023), which included measurements of the immune status in 19 healthy individuals (children, 9 boys and 10 girls, aged 1 to 2 years), i. e., the immune cells (42 subpopulations) obtained by flow cytometry; cytokine levels (13 types) obtained by multiplex analysis; and antibody levels (4 types) determined by using enzyme immunoassay. To correctly identify statistically significant correlations between the measured variables and construct the respective network graph, it is necessary to use an approach that takes into account the small size of the dataset. In this study, we implemented and analyzed an approach based on the regularized debiased sparse partial correlation (DSPC) algorithm to evaluate sparse partial correlations and identify the network structure of relationships in the immune system of healthy individuals (children) based on immune status data, which includes a set of indicators for subpopulations of immune cells, cytokine levels, and antibodies. For different levels of statistical significance, heatmaps of the partial correlations were constructed. The graph visualization of the DSPC networks was performed, and their topological characteristics were analyzed. It is found that with a limited measurements sample, the choice of a statistical significance threshold critically affects the structure of the partial correlations matrix. The final verification of the immunologically correct structure of the correlation-based network requires both an increase in the sample size and consideration of a priori mechanistic views and models of the functioning of the immune system components. The results of this analysis can be used to select the therapy targets and design combination therapies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунная система</kwd><kwd>иммунный статус</kwd><kwd>корреляционный анализ</kwd><kwd>частные корреляции</kwd><kwd>сетевая топология</kwd><kwd>графы</kwd><kwd>алгоритм DSPC</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune system</kwd><kwd>immune status</kwd><kwd>correlation analysis</kwd><kwd>partial correlations</kwd><kwd>network topology</kwd><kwd>graphs</kwd><kwd>DSPC algorithm</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant Number 23-11-00116) (construction of correlation networks and analysis of the topology of connections graphs), and partially supported by the Moscow Center of Fundamental and Applied Mathematics at INM RAS (Agreement with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 075-15-2025-347) (basic statistical data analysis in Section 2)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armingol E., Baghdassarian H.M., Lewis N.E. 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