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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-112</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4890</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРУКТУРНАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STRUCTURAL COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурные основы влияния фосфорамидной N-бензимидазольной группы на эффективность удлинения модифицированного праймера</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural basis of the phosphoramidate N-benzimidazole group’s influence on modified primer extension efficiency by Taq DNA polymerase</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-4817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердюгин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdugin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0521-6228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голышев</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golyshev</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3889-9464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ломзов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lomzov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lomzov@1bio.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>1073</fpage><lpage>1083</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бердюгин А.А., Голышев В.М., Ломзов А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бердюгин А.А., Голышев В.М., Ломзов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berdugin A.A., Golyshev V.M., Lomzov A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4890">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4890</self-uri><abstract><p>   Недавно нами был предложен новый класс производных нуклеиновых кислот – фосфорамидные бензоазольные олигонуклеотиды. В них один из немостиковых атомов кислорода замещен на фосфорамидную N­бензоазольную группу: бензимидазольную, диметилбензимидазольную, бензоксазольную или бензо­тиазольную. Изучение свойств таких производных показало, что их применение в ПЦР увеличивает специфичность и селективность анализа. Данное исследование посвящено изучению влияния фосфорамидной N-­бензимидазольной модификации ДНК­-праймеров на эффективность их удлинения Taq ДНК­полимеразой при помощи метода молекулярной динамики. Мы рассматривали совершенные комплексы нуклеиновых кислот с модификациями в положениях с первого по шестое считая от 3’­конца праймера. Ранее было показано, что степень подавления элонгации зависит от положения модификации: чем ближе к 3’­концу, тем сильнее ингибирование, а максимальное подавление наблюдается при модификации в первом положении, особенно в несовершенных комплексах. Кроме того, в экспериментах наблюдались продукты неполного удлинения праймеров с модификацией в четвертом положении. Проведенные компьютерное моделирование и анализ позволили выявить молекулярные механизмы взаимодействия модифицированных праймеров с ферментом, включая стерические препятствия для продвижения полимеразы по модифицированной цепи и локальные нарушения структуры ДНК, которые объясняют наблюдаемые экспериментально закономерности. Установлено, что как различные стереоизомеры фосфорамидных групп, так и конформеры фосфорамидной N­-бензимидазольной группы по­-разному влияют на структуру фермент­субстратного комплекса и эффективность взаимодействия Taq ДНК-­полимеразы с модифицированным ДНК- комплексом. Модификация первого и второго межнуклеозидного фосфатного остатка с 3’­конца праймера в наибольшей степени возмущает структуру белково­нуклеинового комплекса, а при расположении модификации в четвертом фосфатном остатке N­бензимидазольная модифи­кация располагается в кармане фермента. Полученные результаты открывают перспективы для рационального конструирования специфичных, обладающими заранее заданными свойствами ДНК-праймеров с модифицированными N­бензимидазольными межнуклеотидными звеньями для использования в ПЦР-диагностике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   We recently proposed a novel class of nucleic acid derivatives – phosphoramidate benzoazole oligonucleotides (PABAOs). In these compounds, one of the non­bridging oxygen atoms is replaced by a phosphoramidate N-­ben­zoazole group, such as benzimidazole, dimethylbenzimidazole, benzoxazole, or benzothiazole. Studies of the properties of these derivatives have shown that their use in PCR enhances the specificity and selectivity of the analysis. The study investigates the effect of phosphoramide N­-benzimidazole modification of DNA primers on their elongation by Taq DNA polymerase using molecular dynamics simulations. We examined perfectly matched primer­template com­plexes with modifications at positions one through six from the 3’­end of the primer. Prior experimental work demon­strated that the degree of elongation suppression depends on the modification position: the closer to the 3’­end, the stronger the inhibition, with maximal suppression observed for the first position, especially in mismatched complexes. Furthermore, incomplete elongation products were experimentally observed for primers modified at the fourth posi­tion. Our molecular dynamics simulations and subsequent analysis revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of modified primers with the enzyme. These include steric hindrance that impedes polymerase progression along the modified strand and local distortions in the DNA structure, which explain the experimentally ob­served trends. We established that both different stereoisomers of the phosphoramidate groups and conformers of the phosphoramidate N­-benzimidazole moiety differentially affect the structure of the enzyme­substrate complex and the efficiency of Taq DNA polymerase interaction with the modified DNA complex. Modification of the first and second in­ ternucleoside phosphate from the 3’­end of the primer causes the most significant perturbation to the structure of the protein­nucleic acid complex. When the modification is located at the fourth phosphate group, the N­benzimidazole moiety occupies a specific pocket of the enzyme. These findings provide a foundation for the rational design of specificDNA primers bearing modified N­-benzimidazole moieties with tailored properties for use in PCR diagnostics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>N -­бензимидазольные олигонуклеотиды</kwd><kwd>ФАО</kwd><kwd>молекулярная динамика</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>Taq ДНК­ полимераза</kwd><kwd>молекулярная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>N­-benzimidazole oligonucleotides</kwd><kwd>PABAO</kwd><kwd>molecular dynamics</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>Taq DNA polymerase</kwd><kwd>molecular diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 23­74­01116, https://rscf. ru/project/23­74­01116/) for the construction and initial analysis of model systems, and by the Russian state­funded project for ICBFM SB RAS (grant number 123021600208­7) for molecular dynamics simulations and analysis of the resulting data</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abramson J., Adler J., Dunger J., Evans R., Green T., Pritzel A., Ronneberger O., … Bapst V., Kohli P., Jaderberg M., Hassabis D., Jumper J.M. 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