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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-118</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4897</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОИНФОРМАТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL BIOINFORMATICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Старение кожи связано с локальным дисбалансом в T-клеточном иммунитете</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Senescent cell accumulation is associated with T-cell imbalance in the skin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодарский край; федеральная территория «Сириус»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar region; Sirius Federal Territory</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колмыков</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolmykov</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодарский край; федеральная территория «Сириус»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar region; Sirius Federal Territory</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодарский край; федеральная территория «Сириус»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar region; Sirius Federal Territory</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салимов</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salimov</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодарский край; федеральная территория «Сириус»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar region; Sirius Federal Territory</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-081X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевырев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevyrev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодарский край; федеральная территория «Сириус»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar region; Sirius Federal Territory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.daniil25@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sirius University of Science and Technology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>1137</fpage><lpage>1144</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Матвеева К.С., Колмыков С.К., Соколова Т.С., Салимов Д.Р., Шевырев Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Матвеева К.С., Колмыков С.К., Соколова Т.С., Салимов Д.Р., Шевырев Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Matveeva K.S., Kolmykov S.K., Sokolova T.S., Salimov D.R., Shevyrev D.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4897">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4897</self-uri><abstract><p>   Старение организма сопровождается накоплением поврежденных нефункциональных клеток, которые называют сенесцентными. Эти клетки находятся в состоянии ареста клеточного цикла, устойчивы к апоптозу, имеют нарушенный метаболизм, а также продуцируют широкий спектр провоспалительных факторов – цитокинов, хемокинов, протеаз, молекул адгезии и продуктов арахидонового каскада. Накопление таких клеток с возрастом связано с нарушением функций тканей, способствует хроническому воспалению (inflammaging) и развитию различных возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний. В свою очередь, элиминация сенесцентных клеток восстанавливает тканевые функции и позитивно сказывается на общем метаболизме. В норме сенесцентные клетки удаляются системой врожденного иммунитета, однако с возрастом эффективность этого процесса падает. При этом участие адаптивного иммунитета и роль T-лимфоцитов в удалении сенесцентных клеток остаются неизученными.</p><p>   Целью исследования был поиск изменений в локальном T-клеточном иммунитете, которые связаны с накоплением сенесцентных клеток в коже человека.</p><p>   Анализ проводился на открытых данных РНК секвенирования единичных клеток биоптатов кожи. Сенесцентный статус клеток оценивали при помощи алгоритма SenePy с применением смешанных гауссовских моделей. Было выявлено, что появление клеток с выраженными признаками сенесцентности в пределах ткани происходит неравномерно среди клеточных типов. Накопление этих клеток ассоциировано с изменением соотношения популяций CD4+- и CD8+-лимфоцитов, а также сопряжено с увеличением содержания регуляторных Т-лимфоцитов. В ходе функционального анализа обнаружено, что данные количественные изменения с возрастом сопровождаются более выраженной активацией регуляторных Т-лимфоцитов совместно с анергией и истощением CD8+-лимфоцитов, тогда как функциональные изменения CD4+-лимфоцитов имеют гетерогенный характер. Полученные результаты подчеркивают значение адаптивного иммунитета в поддержании тканевого гомеостаза и указывают на потенциальную дисфункцию эффекторных тканевых T-лимфоцитов, которая возникает с возрастом. Понимание механизмов взаимодействия адаптивного иммунитета с сенесцентными клетками важно в контексте разработки сенолитических вакцин и других иммунологических подходов, направленных на усиление эндогенной элиминации сенесцентных клеток.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Organismal aging is accompanied by the accumulation of senescent cells – damaged, non-functional cells that exhibit cell cycle arrest, resistance to apoptosis, metabolic dysfunction, and production of a wide range of pro-inflammatory substances. The age-related accumulation of these cells is associated with impaired tissue function, contributes to chronic inflammation (inflammaging), and promotes the development of various age-associated diseases. Conversely, the elimination of senescent cells restores tissue functions and positively affects overall metabolism. Under normal conditions, senescent cells are removed by the innate immune system; however, the efficiency of this process declines with age. The involvement of adaptive immunity and the role of T cells in the clearance of senescent cells remain poorly understood.</p><p>   The aim of this study was to identify alterations in local T cell immunity associated with the accumulation of senescent cells in human skin.</p><p>   The analysis was performed on publicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing data from skin biopsies, and the senescent status was assessed using the SenePy algorithm with Gaussian mixture models. It was found that the emergence of senescent cells occurs heterogeneously across cell types within the tissue. The accumulation of these cells is associated with alterations in the CD4+ to CD8+ T cell ratio, as well as with an increased abundance of regulatory T cells. Functional analysis revealed that these quantitative age-related shifts were accompanied by more pronounced activation of regulatory T cells together with features of anergy and exhaustion in CD8+ T cells, whereas functional changes in CD4+ T cells were heterogeneous. These findings underscore the importance of adaptive immunity in maintaining tissue homeostasis and suggest potential age-related dysfunction of tissue-resident T cells. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the interaction between adaptive immunity and senescent cells is crucial for the development of senolytic vaccines and other immunological approaches aimed at enhancing endogenous elimination of senescent cells.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сенесцентность</kwd><kwd>адаптивный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>регуляторные T-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>транскриптом единичных клеток</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>генетические сигнатуры</kwd><kwd>тканерезидентные T-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>элиминация сенесцентных клеток</kwd><kwd>кожа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>senescence</kwd><kwd>adaptive immunity</kwd><kwd>regulatory T cells</kwd><kwd>single-cell transcriptome</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>genetic signatures</kwd><kwd>tissue-resident T cells</kwd><kwd>senescent cell elimination</kwd><kwd>skin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by Russian Scientific Foundation, project No. 24-15-20003, https://rscf.ru/ project/24-15-20003/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonangeli F., Zingoni A., Santoni A., Soriani A. 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