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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4919</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙ К СТРЕССОВЫМ ФАКТОРАМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESISTANCE OF PLANTS TO STRESS FACTORS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Внутрипопуляционные изменения Puccinia hordei под воздействием двухкомпонентных фунгицидов различных химических классов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Intrapopulation changes in Puccinia hordei induced by two-component fungicides from different chemical classes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-6647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвоздева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdeva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0568-4312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудинова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudinova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alosa@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7296-3565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденко</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-2610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научный центр биологической защиты растений<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1195</fpage><lpage>1202</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гвоздева М.С., Кудинова О.А., Руденко В.Д., Волкова Г.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гвоздева М.С., Кудинова О.А., Руденко В.Д., Волкова Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gvozdeva M.S., Kudinova O.A., Rudenko V.D., Volkova G.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4919">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4919</self-uri><abstract><p>Резистентность к фунгицидам является мировой проблемой, обуславливающей снижение их эффективности и срока действия вследствие изменения расового состава и вирулентности популяций фитопатогенов. В настоящее время зарегистрирована резистентность более чем у 230 грибных патогенов растений к 100 действующим веществам. Возбудитель карликовой ржавчины (Puccinia hordei Otth.) – один из распространенных и вредоносных в патокомплексе ячменя, в Южном федеральном округе, фиксируется на посевах ежегодно. Исследований по влиянию фунгицидов на характеристики популяции ржавчинных грибов крайне мало, а в отношении P. hordei в России не проводилось. Цель данной работы – проанализировать влияние фунгицидов из химических классов триазолов и стробилуринов на внутрипопуляционные изменения P. hordei по показателям патогенности (вирулентности и агрессивности) в условиях Северо-Кавказского региона России. Для исследования были выбраны двухкомпонентные фунгициды, разрешенные к применению на территории Российской Федерации: Деларо, КС; Амистар Экстра, СК; Амистар Голд, СК. Обработку растений проводили с использованием нескольких норм применения препаратов: 50, 100, 150 и 200 % (рекомендуемая норма применения принята за 100 %). При обработке растений ячменя озимого фунгицидами с различной нормой применения выявлены внутрипопуляционные изменения в структуре P. hordei по вирулентности. Во всех вариантах с увеличением нормы применения фунгицидов происходили снижение частоты изолятов, вирулентных к генам Rph4, Rph5, Rph6+2, Rph12, и увеличение частоты изолятов, вирулентных к Rph14. Не обнаружено изолятов, вирулентных к Rph7, как в исходной популяции, так и в вариантах опыта. Средняя вирулентность популяций гриба, обработанных фунгицидами, во всех вариантах опыта была ниже по сравнению с вирулентностью исходной популяции (без обработки) (48.5 %) и в зависимости от нормы применения варьировала от 33.8 (Амистар Голд, 50 %) до 28. 5 % (Амистар Голд, 200 %). Под действием повышенных норм применения препаратов отмечено увеличение длительности латентного периода развития инфекции – от 168 ч (исходная популяция) до 216 ч (Деларо, Амистар Голд, 200 %). Под действием фунгицидов установлено снижение спорулирующей способности (масса спор с одной пустулы варьировала от 0.013 (исходная популяция) до 0.002 мг (Деларо, Амистар Голд, 200 %) и жизнеспособности P. hordei (от 100 % для исходной популяции до 22.5 % при обработке Амистар Голд, 200 %). Таким образом, популяция P. hordei, подвергавшаяся обработке фунгицидами, характеризуется внутрипопуляционными изменениями по показателям агрессивности и вирулентности, что может существенно увеличивать потери урожая ячменя вследствие как снижения эффективности химической защиты, так и повышения вредоносности патогена.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Fungicide resistance is a global problem that reduces the effectiveness and duration of action of these compounds due to changes in the racial composition and virulence of phytopathogen populations. Currently, resistance to 100 active substances has been registered in more than 230 fungal plant pathogens. Leaf rust of barley (Puccinia hordei Otth.) is one of the most widespread and harmful pathogens in the barley pathocomplex; it is recorded in southern Russia every year. There are very few studies on the effect of fungicides on the characteristics of rust fungi populations, and none have been carried out on P. hordei in Russia. This research aimed to analyze the effect of fungicides belonging to the chemical classes of triazoles and strobilurins on intrapopulation changes in P. hordei in terms of pathogenicity (virulence and aggressiveness) under the conditions of the North Caucasus region of Russia. Two-component fungicides approved for use in the Russian Federation were selected for the study: Delaro, SC; Amistar Extra, SC; Amistar Gold, SC. Plants were treated using several application rates: 50, 100, 150 and 200 % (the recommended application rate was determined to be 100 %). Treatment of winter barley plants with fungicides with different application rates revealed intrapopulation changes in the virulence structure of P. hordei. In all treatment variants, the frequency of isolates virulent to the Rph4, Rph5, Rph6+2, Rph12 genes decreased with increasing fungicide application rate and the frequency of isolates virulent to Rph14 increased. No isolates virulent to Rph7 were found in either the original population or the experimental variants. The average virulence of the fungal populations treated with the fungicides in all experimental variants was lower compared to the original population (no treatment (48.5 %)) and depending on the application rate varied from 33.8 % (Amistar Gold, 50 %) to 28.5 % (Amistar Gold, 200 %). Under the influence of the increased application rates of the fungicides, an increase in the duration of the latent period was observed: from 168 h (original population) to 216 h (Delaro, Amistar Gold, 200 %). A decrease in sporulation ability (spore mass per pustule ranged from 0.013 mg (original population) to 0.002 mg (Delaro, Amistar Gold, 200 %)) and in the viability of P. hordei (from 100 % for the original population to 22.5 % in Amistar Gold, 200 % treatment) was found under the action of the fungicides. Thus, a fungicide-treated P. hordei population is characterized by intrapopulation changes in aggressiveness and virulence, which can significantly increase barley yield losses due to a decrease in the effectiveness of chemical protection, as well as an increase in the harmfulness of the pathogen.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ячмень</kwd><kwd>карликовая ржавчина</kwd><kwd>фунгициды</kwd><kwd>Puccinia hordei</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd><kwd>патогенность</kwd><kwd>популяция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>barley</kwd><kwd>leaf rust of barley</kwd><kwd>fungicides</kwd><kwd>Puccinia hordei</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>pathogenicity</kwd><kwd>population</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>The research was carried out within the framework of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation   No. 23-76-10063, https://rscf.ru/project/23-76-10063</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was carried out within the framework of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation   No. 23-76-10063, https://rscf.ru/project/23-76-10063/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbas H.S. 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