vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-127vavilov-4920Research ArticleУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙ К СТРЕССОВЫМ ФАКТОРАМRESISTANCE OF PLANTS TO STRESS FACTORSВлияние биопестицида Новохизоль на экспрессию генов защиты при заражении пшеницы стеблевой ржавчиной Puccinia graminis f. sp. triticiEffect of the biopesticide Novoсhizol on the expression of defense genes during wheat infection with stem rust Puccinia graminis f. sp. triticihttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-8228ЩербаньА. Б.ShcherbanA. B.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

atos@bionet.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0746-3660РазуваеваА. В.RazuvaevaA. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8047-5695СколотневаЕ. С.SkolotnevaE. S.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1827-3309ФоменкоВ. В.FomenkoV. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationНовосибирский институт органической химии им. Н.Н. Ворожцова Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияN.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20251101202629812031212Copyright © Щербань А.Б., Разуваева А.В., Сколотнева Е.С., Фоменко В.В., 20262026Щербань А.Б., Разуваева А.В., Сколотнева Е.С., Фоменко В.В.Shcherban A.B., Razuvaeva A.V., Skolotneva E.S., Fomenko V.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4920

Стеблевая ржавчина, вызываемая грибом Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), является вредоносным заболеванием, поражающим посевы зерновых культур. Традиционный способ борьбы с этим и другими инфекционными болезнями растений − использование химических средств защиты. В качестве их эффективной и безопасной альтернативы все чаще рассматриваются биопестициды, а также индукторы болезнеустойчивости растений, в частности на основе хитозана, производного хитина. Недавно разработана глобулярная форма хитозана − Новохизоль, имеющая ряд преимуществ и показавшая свою эффективность в предварительных полевых и лабораторных экспериментах. Однако в настоящее время отсутствуют работы, посвященные влиянию данного препарата на экспрессию генов защиты. Поэтому целью данной работы стали поиск генов, принимаю щих участие в реакции растений мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum L. на заражение стеблевой ржавчиной, и оценка влияния обработки препаратом Новохизоль на их транскрипцию в ходе инфекционного процесса. В качестве модели были задействованы линия пшеницы с геном устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине Sr6 и два отобранных изолята Pgt для этой линии: авирулентный (Avr6) и вирулентный (vr6), позволяющие сопоставить эффекты препарата Новохизоль в зависимости от генетической совместимости в патосистеме растение−патоген. Для анализа уровня транскрипции генов защиты использовали листовой материал в различных временных точках, от 3 до 144 ч после инокуляции растений патогеном. Количественный ПЦР-анализ показал повышение уровня транскрипции генов CERK1, PR3, PR4, PR5, PR6 и PR9 у растений, обработанных изучаемым биопестицидом и инфицированных различными изолятами Pgt, по сравнению с необработанными инфицированными растениями. Полученные данные подтверждают, что одна из оптимальных стратегий повышения устойчивости зерновых культур к грибным патогенам с точки зрения экологической безопасности – сочетание методов селекции по генам специфической устойчивости с применением биологических средств защиты.

Stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a harmful disease affecting grain crops. The traditional way to combat this and other infectious plant diseases is to use chemical pesticides. Biopesticides, as well as plant disease resistance inducers – in particular those based on chitosan, a derivative of chitin – are increasingly being considered as an effective and safe alternative. Recently, a globular form of chitosan, Novochizol, has been developed, which has a number of advantages and has shown its effectiveness in preliminary field and laboratory experiments. However, there are no works devoted to the effect of this preparation on the expression of defense genes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to search for genes involved in the response of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to stem rust infection and to evaluate the effect of Novochizol treatment on their transcription during the infection process. The wheat line ISr6-Ra with the stem rust resistance gene Sr6 and two Pgt isolates – an avirulent one, Avr6, and a virulent one, vr6 – were used as a model, allowing us to compare the effects of Novochizol depending on the genetic compatibility in the plant−pathogen pathosystem. To analyze the transcription level of defense genes, leaf material was collected at different time points from 3 to 144 h after inoculation of plants with the pathogen. Quantitative PCR analysis showed an increase in the transcription levels of the CERK1, PR3, PR4, PR5, PR6 and PR9 genes in plants treated with Novochizol and infected with various Pgt isolates compared to untreated infected plants. Pgt isolate Avr6 induced the highest expression of some defense genes (primarily CERK1), which is consistent with the phytopathology data showing the maximum degree of resistance (IT1) to stem rust in Novochizol-treated plants with a combination of Sr6–Avr6 genes. The data obtained confirm that one of the optimal strategies for increasing the resistance of grain crops to fungal pathogens is a combination of selection for specific resistance genes with the use of biological control agents.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.