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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4925</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОИНФОРМАТИКА И СИСТЕМНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOINFORMATICS AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фреймовые математические модели – инструмент исследования молекулярно-генетических систем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Frame-based mathematical models – a tool for the study of molecular genetic systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-7539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцев</surname><given-names>Ф. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantsev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kazfdr@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-381X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лашин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lashin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-8611</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матушкин</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matushkin</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ СО РАН; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ СО РАН; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1288</fpage><lpage>1294</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Казанцев Ф.В., Лашин С.А., Матушкин Ю.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казанцев Ф.В., Лашин С.А., Матушкин Ю.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazantsev E.V., Lashin S.A., Matushkin Y.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4925">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4925</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен обзор подходов реконструкции фреймовых математических моделей молекулярно генетических систем от уровня генетического синтеза до метаболических сетей. Фреймовые математические модели – это модели, в которых заданы: формальная структура, математический формализм под конкретный биохимический процесс, реагенты этого процесса и их роль в нем. Обычно такие модели созданы в автома тическом режиме на базе описания биологического процесса в терминах языков предметной области. Для молекулярно-генетических систем такие языки используют конструкции, привычные для широкого круга исследователей-биологов, например список биохимических реакций. Они основываются на концепции эле ментарных подсистем, где комплексная модель собрана из небольших блоков – «фреймов». В настоящей ра боте мы показали пример с генерацией классической модели репрессилятора, состоящей из трех генов, про дукты синтеза которых последовательно ингибируют биосинтез друг друга. Для этого примера мы привели три версии графической нотации описания структуры модели, их типичную математическую интерпретацию и варианты вычислительных экспериментов. Показали, что даже на уровне фреймовых моделей возможно идентифицировать качественно новое поведение благодаря добавлению в структуру модели всего одного гена. Такая модификация предоставляет пути контроля режимами функционирования модели через измене ние концентраций ее реагентов. Подход, основанный на фреймах, открывает пути генерации моделей кле ток, тканей, органов, организмов и сообществ с помощью программных инструментов, которые формализуют структуру модели и роль ее реагентов, используя как предметно-ориентированные языки, так и графические методы спецификации моделей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper reviews existing approaches for reconstructing frame-based mathematical models of molecular genetic systems from the level of genetic synthesis to models of metabolic networks. A frame-based mathematical model is a model in which the following terms are specified: formal structure, type of mathematical model for a particular biochemical process, reactants and their roles. Typically, such models are generated automatically on the basis of description of biological processes in terms of domain-specific languages. For molecular genetic systems, these languages use constructions familiar to a wide range of biologists in the form of a list of biochemical reactions. They rely on the concepts of elementary subsystems, where complex models are assembled from small block units (“frames”). In this paper, we have shown an example with the generation of a classical repressilator model consisting of three genes that mutually inhibit each other’s synthesis. We have given it in three different versions of the graphic standard, its characteristic mathematical interpretation and variants of its numerical calculation. We have shown that even at the level of frame models it is possible to identify qualitatively new behaviour of the model through the introduction of just one gene into the model structure. This change provides a way to control the modes of behaviour of the model through changing the concentrations of reactants. The frame-based approach opens the way to generate models of cells, tissues, organs, organisms and communities through frame-based model generation tools that specify structure, roles of modelled reactants using domain-specific languages and graphical methods of model specification.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функции Хилла</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>генные сети</kwd><kwd>фреймовые модели</kwd><kwd>пред метно-ориентированные языки спецификации модели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hill functions</kwd><kwd>mathematical modelling</kwd><kwd>gene networks</kwd><kwd>frame-based models</kwd><kwd>domain-specific languages</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation   (the Federal Scientific-technical programme for genetic technologies development for 2019–2030, agreement   No. 075-15-2025-516)</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation   (the Federal Scientific-technical programme for genetic technologies development for 2019–2030, agreement   No. 075-15-2025-516).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alon U. 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