vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-141vavilov-4931Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИISSUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGYЦеллюлаза: основные свойства, природные источники и применение в промышленностиCellulases: key properties, natural sources, and industrial applicationsЗадорожныйА. В.ZadorozhnyA. V.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2512-4862СлынькоН. М.SlynkoN. M.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-3298БанниковаС. В.BannikovaS. V.

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Novosibirsk

peltek@bionet.nsc.ruБогачеваН. В.BogachevaN. V.

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Novosibirsk

ШляхтунВ. Н.ShlyakhtunV. N.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-3176ВасильеваА. Р.VasilievaA. R.

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Novosibirsk

БукатичЕ. Ю.BukatichE. Yu.

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Novosibirsk

УшаковВ. С.UshakovV. S.

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Novosibirsk

УвароваЮ. Е.UvarovaYu. E.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-2996КоржукА. В.KorzhukA. V.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-4481ШиповаА. А.ShipovaA. A.

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Novosibirsk

БочковД. В.BochkovD. V.

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Novosibirsk

ПавловаЕ. Ю.PavlovaE. Y.

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Novosibirsk

ЧесноковД. О.ChesnokovD. O.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-0456ПельтекС. Е.PeltekS. E.

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Novosibirsk

sbann@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20251101202629813481360Copyright © Задорожный А.В., Слынько Н.М., Банникова С.В., Богачева Н.В., Шляхтун В.Н., Васильева А.Р., Букатич Е.Ю., Ушаков В.С., Уварова Ю.Е., Коржук А.В., Шипова А.А., Бочков Д.В., Павлова Е.Ю., Чесноков Д.О., Пельтек С.Е., 20262026Задорожный А.В., Слынько Н.М., Банникова С.В., Богачева Н.В., Шляхтун В.Н., Васильева А.Р., Букатич Е.Ю., Ушаков В.С., Уварова Ю.Е., Коржук А.В., Шипова А.А., Бочков Д.В., Павлова Е.Ю., Чесноков Д.О., Пельтек С.Е.Zadorozhny A.V., Slynko N.M., Bannikova S.V., Bogacheva N.V., Shlyakhtun V.N., Vasilieva A.R., Bukatich E.Y., Ushakov V.S., Uvarova Y.E., Korzhuk A.V., Shipova A.A., Bochkov D.V., Pavlova E.Y., Chesnokov D.O., Peltek S.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4931

В последние годы целлюлаза привлекает огромное внимание как промышленно важный фермент с широким спектром применения. Целлюлазы представляют собой сложную группу ферментов, которые секретируются многообразием микроорганизмов, включая грибы и бактерии. Они относятся к подклассу ферментов гидролаз, субстратом которых является полисахарид целлюлоза. Целлюлазы имеют огромное практическое значение, поскольку содержащие целлюлозу материалы используются во множестве отраслей народного хозяйства. В этом обзоре приведены сведения об основных свойствах и структуре целлюлаз. Но основное внимание уделено применению этих ферментов в промышленности, а прочие аспекты, так или иначе, рассматриваются с учетом этого. Исследованы имеющие наибольшее практическое значение бактериальные и грибные целлюлазы, их основные преимущества и отличия. Отдельно рассмотрены экстремофильные (а именно термо-, психро- и галофильные) целлюлазы как обладающие свойствами, нужными в условиях современных технологических процессов. Поскольку для практического применения необходимы массовая продукция и оптимальное сочетание свойств ферментов, внимание также уделено получению эффективных продуцентов и модификации свойств, производимых целлюлаз. Наконец, обозначены ключевые тенденции в подходах к производству целлюлаз и перспективы практического применения.

This review focuses on cellulases, a subclass of hydrolases that catalyse the breakdown of the polysaccharide cellulose. Cellulases are of immense practical significance, given that cellulose-containing materials are utilised across a multitude of industrial sectors. An overview of the fundamental properties and structure of cellulases is provided. However, primary attention is paid to the industrial application of these enzymes, with other aspects discussed within this context. The most practically significant bacterial and fungal cellulases are analysed, with their key benefits and differences being emphasised. Particular attention is paid to extremophilic (specifically thermo-, psychro-, and halophilic) cellulases, as they possess properties essential for modern technological processes. Given that practical application necessitates mass production and an optimal combination of enzymatic characteristics, the creation of effective producers and the modification of cellulase properties are also assessed. Finally, key trends in cellulase production approaches and their future application potential are summarised.  

целлюлазагрибные и бактериальные целлюлазыэкстремофильные целлюлазыструктура и основные свойства целлюлазцеллюлазный комплексбиотехнологиягенная инженерияcelulasefungal and bacterial cellulasesextremophilic cellulasescelulase structure and essential propertiescellulase complexbiotechnologygenetic engineeringThis work was supported by project No. FWNR-2025-0029, “Development of technologies for scaling up the production of feed enzymes secreted by Komagataella phaffii and obtaining enzyme preparations based on them”.This work was supported by project No. FWNR-2025-0029, “Development of technologies for scaling up the production of feed enzymes secreted by Komagataella phaffii and obtaining enzyme preparations based on them”.ReferencesAcharya S., Chaudhary A. Bioprospecting thermophiles for cellulase production: a review. Braz J Microbiol. 2012;43(3):844-856. doi 10.1590/S1517-83822012000300001Acharya S., Chaudhary A. Bioprospecting thermophiles for cellulase production: a review. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.