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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-25-142</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4932</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Селекция на отсутствие проантоцианидинов в зерне ячменя (Hordeum vulgare L.): молекулярно-генетический и технологический аспекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Breeding for the absence of proanthocyanidins in grain of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): molecular genetic and technological aspects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1340-6759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молобекова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molobekova</surname><given-names>C. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">K.molobekova@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5565-9097</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тоцкий</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totsky</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-6811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубачеева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubacheeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-8631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоева</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoeva</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1361</fpage><lpage>1368</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Молобекова К.А., Тоцкий И.В., Трубачеева Н.В., Шоева О.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Молобекова К.А., Тоцкий И.В., Трубачеева Н.В., Шоева О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Molobekova C.A., Totsky I.V., Trubacheeva N.V., Shoeva O.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4932">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4932</self-uri><abstract><p>Фенольные соединения составляют значимую группу вторичных метаболитов зерна ячменя и оказывают влияние на его технологические качества при использовании в пивоварении, производстве кормов и пищевых продуктов. Особую роль среди них играют проантоцианидины – полимерные флавоноиды, локализованные в семенной оболочке. Эти соединения обусловливают ряд производственных проблем, таких как коллоидное помутнение пива, а также потемнение крупы после термообработки. Хотя проантоцианидины обладают полезными для здоровья человека свойствами, основанными на их антиоксидантной активности, они могут выступать как антипитательные факторы из-за своей способности связывать белки. В связи с этим была инициирована селекция сортов ячменя, полностью лишенных проантоцианидинов в зерне, в первую очередь для использования в пивоваренной промышленности. Первоначально предполагалось, что их отсутствие не критично для растения, поскольку у пшеницы, кукурузы и риса были выявлены образцы, не содержащие проантоцианидинов в зерне. Однако накопленные данные свидетельствуют, что проантоцианидины выполняют важные физиологические функции: участвуют в поддержании покоя семян, обеспечивают защиту от грибных и бактериальных патогенов и вредителей, и их отсутствие негативно сказывается на агрономических характеристиках. Так, у беспроантоцианидиновых мутантов ячменя, полученных методами индуцированного мутагенеза, отмечено снижение продуктивности и устойчивости к патогенам, повышение риска прорастания зерна на корню и ухудшение ряда технологически важных свойств. Тем не менее мутантные линии активно используются в селекционных программах для создания сортов различного назначения. Цель данного обзора – систематизировать и проанализировать мировой опыт селекции беспроантоцианидиновых сортов ячменя, описать достигнутые результаты для выявления наиболее успешных подходов и определения направлений дальнейших исследований. В работе рассматриваются проблемы, с которыми столкнулись селекционеры при использовании мутантных линий, а также стратегии, позволившие минимизировать негативные побочные эффекты. Показано, что за счет целенаправленного скрещивания и оптимального подбора мутантных аллелей удалось создать конкурентоспособные сорта, сочетающие требуемые технологические качества с удовлетворительными агрономическими характеристиками и отвечающие запросам как пивоваренной, так и пищевой промышленности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Phenolic compounds constitute a significant group of secondary metabolites in barley grain and influence its technological qualities when used in brewing, feed production, and food manufacturing. Proanthocyanidins – polymeric flavonoids localized in the seed coat – play a particularly important role among them. These compounds are responsible for several production issues, such as colloidal haze in beer and browning of groats after heat treatment. Although proanthocyanidins possess health-beneficial properties based on their antioxidant activity, they can act as antinutritional factors due to their ability to bind proteins. In this regard, the breeding of barley varieties completely lacking proanthocyanidins in the grain was initiated, primarily for use in the brewing industry. Initially, it was assumed that their absence would not be critical for the plant, since wheat, corn, and rice varieties lacking proanthocyanidins in the grain had been identified. However, accumulated evidence indicates that proanthocyanidins perform important physiological functions: they contribute to the maintenance of seed dormancy, provide protection against fungal and bacterial pathogens and pests, and their absence negatively affects agronomic traits. For instance, proanthocyanidin free barley mutants obtained through induced mutagenesis exhibit reduced productivity and pathogen resistance, an increased risk of pre-harvest sprouting, and deterioration of several technologically important properties. Nevertheless, these mutant lines are actively used in breeding programs to develop varieties for various purposes. This review aims to systematize and analyze global experience in breeding proanthocyanidin-free barley varieties, describing achieved results to identify the most successful approaches and define future research directions. The work examines challenges faced by breeders when using mutant lines, as well as strategies that have helped minimize negative side effects. It is demonstrated that through targeted crossing and optimal selection of mutant alleles, competitive varieties have been developed that combine the required technological qualities with satisfactory agronomic performance, meeting the demands of both the brewing and food industries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ячмень</kwd><kwd>зерно</kwd><kwd>проантоцианидины</kwd><kwd>коллоидное помутнение</kwd><kwd>беспроантоцианидиновый</kwd><kwd>пивоварение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>barley</kwd><kwd>grain</kwd><kwd>proanthocyanidins</kwd><kwd>beer haze</kwd><kwd>proanthocyanidin-free</kwd><kwd>brewing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>The work was carried out under agreement No. 075-15-2025-580 dated July 25, 2025 between the Ministry of  Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and the ICG SB RAS.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out under agreement No. 075-15-2025-580 dated July 25, 2025 between the Ministry of  Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and the ICG SB RAS.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bamforth C. 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