vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-25-130vavilov-4933Research ArticleСТРУКТУРА И ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ГЕНОМА РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENOME STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTIONИспользование линии пшеницы с генетическим материалом дикой полбы для улучшения современных сортов Triticum aestivum L. по комплексу хозяйственно полезных признаковUsing a wheat line with wild emmer genetic material to improve modern Triticum aestivum L. varieties by a complex of economically useful traitshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-1317ОрловскаяО. А.OrlovskayaO. A.

Минск

Minsk

O.Orlovskaya@igc.byhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-7040-4671ЯцевичК. К.YatsevichK. K.

Минск

Minsk

МилькоЛ. В.MilkoL. V.

Минск

Minsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-563XКазнинаН. М.KazninaN. M.

Петрозаводск

Petrozavodsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-181XДубовецН. И.DubovetsN. I.

Минск

Minsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-9786КильчевскийА. В.KilchevskyA. V.

Минск

Minsk

Институт генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук БеларусиБеларусьInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusBelarusИнститут биологии Карельского научного центра Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20251101202629812551266Copyright © Орловская О.А., Яцевич К.К., Милько Л.В., Казнина Н.М., Дубовец Н.И., Кильчевский А.В., 20262026Орловская О.А., Яцевич К.К., Милько Л.В., Казнина Н.М., Дубовец Н.И., Кильчевский А.В.Orlovskaya O.A., Yatsevich K.K., Milko L.V., Kaznina N.M., Dubovets N.I., Kilchevsky A.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4933

Образцы дикой полбы Triticum dicoccoides обладают высоким содержанием белка и микроэлементов в зерне, но при скрещивании с сортами мягкой пшеницы гибридам наряду с ценными признаками могут передаваться и нежелательные свойства дикорастущего сородича (низкая урожайность, ломкость колоса, трудный обмолот). В рамках данного исследования изучена возможность улучшения современных сортов мягкой пшеницы по комплексу хозяйственно полезных признаков посредством использования линии пшеницы с генетическим материалом дикой полбы (л29), сочетающей высокую цитологическую стабильность с улучшенной питательной ценностью и продуктивностью. Исследовали гибриды F4–F5, полученные от скрещивания в прямом и обратном направлениях четырех сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы с л29. Фрагменты интрогрессии генетического материала T. dicoccoides выявляли с применением метода дифференциального окрашивания хромосом по Гимза (С-бэндинг) и генотипирования маркерами SSR. Оценку цитологической стабильности проводили на основе изучения поведения хромосом в микроспорогенезе. Содержание макро- (К, Р, Са, Mg) и микроэлементов (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) в зерне определяли методом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой; показатели качества зерна – на анализаторе «Инфра ЛЮМ ФТ-12». Данные C-бэндинга и микросателлитного анализа свидетельствуют о высокой частоте включения чужеродного генетического материала в геном гибридных форм. Среди потомства восьми комбинаций скрещивания выявлены все характерные для л29 варианты интрогрессий материала полбы (1ВL, 2BS, 3В, 5В, 6AL), причем рекомбинантная хромосома 3В обнаружена во всех гибридных комбинациях. Для гибридов характерен высокий уровень цитологической стабильности (мейотический индекс составил 90.0–98.0 %). Показана эффективность использования линии пшеницы с включением генетического материала T. dicoccoides для улучшения современных сортов по содержанию белка, клейковины и минерального состава зерна без снижения продуктивности. Выделены вторичные интрогрессивные гибриды, превосходящие родительские сорта по комплексу признаков качества зерна в оба года исследования и не уступающие им по основным показателям продуктивности.

Wild emmer Triticum dicoccoides samples have a high content of protein and microelements in their grain, but when crossed with common wheat varieties, undesirable properties of a wild relative (low yield, spike fragility and difficult threshing) can be transmitted to the hybrid along with valuable traits. The possibility of improving economically useful traits of modern common wheat varieties using a wheat line with wild emmer genetic material (l29), combining high cytological stability with improved nutritional value and productivity, was studied. The F4–F5 hybrids obtained as a result of crossing in the forward and reverse directions of four common spring wheat varieties with l29 were studied. A C-banding technique and genotyping with SSR markers were used to determine the introgression fragments of T. dicoccoides genetic material. Cytological stability was assessed based on the study of chromosome behavior in microsporogenesis. The grain content of macro- (K, P, Ca and Mg) and microelements (Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) was established by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma; the grain quality indices were measured on an Infra LUM FT-12 analyzer. The C-banding and microsatellite analysis data indicate a high frequency of alien genetic material introgression in the genome of hybrid forms. All variants of the l29 introgression of wild emmer material (1BL, 2BS, 3B, 5B and 6AL) were identified among the progeny of eight crossing combinations. The recombinant chromosome 3B was found in all hybrid combinations. The hybrids were characterized by a high level of cytological stability (the meiotic index was 90.0–98.0 %). The effectiveness of using a wheat line with T. dicoccoides genetic material to enhance modern varieties in terms of the content of protein, gluten and mineral composition of grain without reducing productivity was shown. Secondary introgression hybrids, exceeding the initial varieties by a set of grain quality characteristics and not inferior to them in terms of basic productivity indicators, were obtained.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.