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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-26-05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4980</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гистохимический тест для определения профиля полифенольных соединений в зерне злаков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A histochemical assay for polyphenolic profiling in cereal grains</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-4331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурсалимов</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mursalimov</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mursalimovsr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-8631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоева</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoeva</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мурсалимов С.Р., Шоева О.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мурсалимов С.Р., Шоева О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mursalimov S.R., Shoeva O.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4980">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4980</self-uri><abstract><p>Зерна злаков в некоторых типах клеток могут накапливать разнообразные экономически важные полифенольные соединения, такие как окрашенные антоцианы и меланины, а также бесцветные проантоцианидины. Для эффективного создания новых сортов с различными комбинациями этих соединений в зернах необходим простой, быстрый и точный метод определения их полифенольного профиля. В данной статье для идентификации указанных веществ предложено использовать гистохимический анализ, включающий комбинацию обработок криосрезов зерен горячим этанолом, кислотой, щелочью и аммиачным раствором серебра с последующей микроскопией. В качестве модели использовались линии ячменя, зерна которых ранее были охарактеризованы с помощью аналитических методов на наличие антоцианов, проантоцианидинов и меланинов. В черных зернах ячменя данный подход позволил отличить нерастворимые меланины, не реагирующие на изменение pH, от антоцианов, которые могут быть растворимыми или нерастворимыми, но всегда меняют окраску при изменении pH. Впервые обработка аммиачным серебром, широко применяемая для идентификации меланина в тканях человека и животных, была адаптирована для использования в растительных тканях. Наряду с меланинами, этот реагент окрашивает и другие полифенолы, что позволяет выявлять в том числе бесцветные соединения. С помощью этого подхода были выявлены проантоцианидины в оболочке зерна ячменя, что подтверждено окрашиванием 4-(диметиламино)циннамальдегидом (DMACA). Разработанный протокол успешно применен для определения полифенольного профиля зерен ячменя, пшеницы и вики посевной. Метод позволяет проводить быструю оценку полифенольного профиля с использованием единичных зерен, что является эффективной альтернативой трудоемким хроматографическим методам на этапе предварительного отбора коллекционного материала перед его детальным химическим анализом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In different cell layers, cereal grains may accumulate various economically important polyphenols such as colored anthocyanins and melanins and colorless proanthocyanidins. To effectively create new cultivars with different combinations of these compounds, a simple, fast, and precise screening method is required. Here, a histochemical assay that includes a combination of hot ethanolic, acidic, alkaline, and ammoniacal silver treatments of grain cryosections followed by microscopy was successfully applied to distinguish these substances in cereal grains. Barley lines previously characterized chemically for the presence of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and melanins in grains were used as a model. In black barley grains, this approach allowed to visually distinguish insoluble melanins that do not react to a pH change from anthocyanins, which can be insoluble or soluble but always react to changing pH. For the first time, ammoniacal silver staining commonly used for melanin identification in human and animal tissues was adapted for melanin identification in plant tissues. Along with melanins, this reagent stains other polyphenols thereby helping to detect colorless polyphenols including proanthocyanidins in the testa of barley grains as confirmed by p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) staining. The applicability of this assay to polyphenol profiling was demonstrated not only in the barley grain but also in wheat and common vetch grains. The proposed histochemical assay allows rapid polyphenol screening using a single grain, making it a practical and efficient alternative to time-consuming chromatographic methods for preliminary selection from large sample sets prior to detailed quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антоцианы</kwd><kwd>аналитическая техника</kwd><kwd>DMACA</kwd><kwd>проантоцианидины</kwd><kwd>меланины</kwd><kwd>реакция Фонтана– Массона</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anthocyanin</kwd><kwd>analytical technique</kwd><kwd>DMACA</kwd><kwd>proanthocyanidins</kwd><kwd>melanins</kwd><kwd>Fontana–Masson</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was supported by RSF grant No. 25-16-20101, https://rscf.ru/project/25-16-20101/ and the Ministry of Science and Innovation Policy of the Novosibirsk region (the agreement No. 30-2025-000848).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aastrup S., Outtrup H., Erdal K. 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