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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-26-07</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4985</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности полиморфизма гена рецептора тиреоидных гормонов THRB у коренного населения Сибири</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The specific features of the thyroid hormone receptor gene THRB polymorphism in indigenous populations of Siberia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0304-0652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малярчук</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyarchuk</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magadan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malbor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5302-0347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Похилюк</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokhilyuk</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magadan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-7399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magadan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-1955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magadan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биологических проблем Севера Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biological Problems of the North of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малярчук Б.А., Похилюк Н.В., Денисова Г.А., Литвинов А.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малярчук Б.А., Похилюк Н.В., Денисова Г.А., Литвинов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malyarchuk B.A., Pokhilyuk N.V., Denisova G.A., Litvinov A.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4985">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4985</self-uri><abstract><p>В процессах адаптации к холоду у человека задействованы гены, входящие в сигнальные пути тиреоидной системы, которыми регулируются термогенез, энергетические затраты и метаболические перестройки. Один из таких генов – THRB, кодирующий ядерный рецептор TRβ, с которым взаимодействует гормон щитовидной железы – трийодтиронин (T3). От концентрации комплексов TRβ-T3 зависит активность термогенина UCP1, с помощью которого происходит разобщение окислительного фосфорилирования в митохондриях и усиливается производство тепла. Таким образом, рецепторы тиреоидных гормонов играют важную роль в адаптивном термогенезе. В настоящей работе нами впервые проведен анализ опубликованных данных о полиморфизме гена THRB в популяциях коренного населения Сибири с целью поиска вариантов полиморфизма, потенциально связанных с адаптацией к холоду. Анализ полиморфизма экзонов и прилегающих некодирующих участков гена THRB показал наличие всего одной нуклеотидной замены в белок-кодирующей области (синонимичная замена в локусе rs3752874), все остальные нуклеотидные замены выявлены преимущественно в 3’-нетранслируемых участках и интронах. Анализ распределения гаплотипов гена THRB позволил обнаружить два специфичных для коряков гаплотипа, характеризующиеся заменой rs762175401-A. Популяционный скрининг показал, что эта замена распространена среди коряков с частотой 13.8 %, а также присутствует у сибирских эскимосов, хотя в остальных группах населения мира частота замены rs762175401-A не превышает 0.05 % (у японцев и корейцев) или имеет еще более низкие значения (менее 0.02 %). Анализ нуклеотидной последовательности гена THRB показывает, что локус rs762175401 находится в 3’-нетранслируемой области в позиции +2 от терминирующего кодона. Вполне вероятно, что эта замена могла привести к изменениям в эффективности терминации трансляции и в случае повышения эффективности терминации способствовала увеличению скорости синтеза белка и, соответственно, концентрации комплексов TRβ-T3. Предполагается, что повышение частоты варианта rs762175401-A у коряков и эскимосов, представляющих древнейшее население Северо-Востока Сибири, обусловлено долговременной адаптацией популяций к холоду.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the process of adaptation to cold in humans, genes belonging to the thyroid system signaling pathways that regulate thermogenesis, energy expenditure, and metabolic rearrangements are implicated. One such gene is the THRB gene, which encodes the nuclear receptor TRβ, with which the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) interacts. The activity of thermogenin UCP1 is influenced by the concentration of TRβ-T3 complexes, which serve to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, thereby enhancing heat production. Consequently, thyroid hormone receptors have been demonstrated to play a significant role in adaptive thermogenesis. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of published data on the THRB gene polymorphism in Siberian indigenous populations, with the objective of identifying potential associations between polymorphism variants and adaptation to cold. The analysis of exon and adjacent noncoding regions of the THRB gene revealed a single nucleotide substitution in the protein-coding region (synonymous substitution in the locus rs3752874). All other nucleotide substitutions were detected primarily in 3’-untranslated regions and introns. Analysis of the THRB haplotype distribution revealed two Koryak-specific haplotypes characterized by the rs762175401-A substitution. The results of population screening demonstrated that this substitution is prevalent among the Koryak population, with a frequency of 13.8 %, and is also present in the Siberian Eskimo population. However, in other global populations, the frequency of the rs762175401-A substitution does not exceed 0.05 % (in the Japanese and Koreans) or has even lower values (less than 0.02 %). The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the THRB gene indicates that the rs762175401 locus is situated in the 3’-untranslated region at position +2 from the terminating codon. It is plausible that this substitution may have led to alterations in translation termination efficiency. In the case of enhanced termination efficiency, it is conceivable that it contributed to an elevated rate of protein synthesis, thereby resulting in an increase in the concentration of TRβ-T3 complexes. The higher frequency of the rs762175401-A variant in the Koryak and Eskimo populations, representing the oldest populations of Northeastern Siberia, is assumed to be due to long-term adaptation of these populations to cold.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ген THRB</kwd><kwd>популяции человека</kwd><kwd>Сибирь</kwd><kwd>адаптация к холоду</kwd><kwd>тиреоидная система</kwd><kwd>адаптивный термогенез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>THRB gene</kwd><kwd>human populations</kwd><kwd>Siberia</kwd><kwd>cold adaptation</kwd><kwd>thyroid system</kwd><kwd>adaptive thermogenesis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baggett N.E., Zhang Y., Gross C.A. Global analysis of translation termination in E. coli. 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