vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-15vavilov-4989Research ArticleПОПУЛЯЦИОННАЯ ГЕНЕТИКАPOPULATION GENETICSЭволюция порядка генов в мтДНК байкальских эндемичных амфипод и ее возможные механизмыEvolution of gene order in mtDNA of Baikal endemic amphipods and its possible mechanismshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4620-045XСиротининаЕ. А.SirotininaE. A.

Иркутск

Irkutsk

haleo.inc@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-392XЩербаковД. Ю.SherbakovD. Yu.

Иркутск

Irkutsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3020-4621РомановаЕ. В.RomanovaE. V.

Иркутск

Irkutsk

Лимнологический институт Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияLimnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202605032026301136145Copyright © Сиротинина Е.А., Щербаков Д.Ю., Романова Е.В., 20262026Сиротинина Е.А., Щербаков Д.Ю., Романова Е.В.Sirotinina E.A., Sherbakov D.Y., Romanova E.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4989

Значительное разнообразие в порядке генов митохондриальных (мт) геномов беспозвоночных отмечается в подтипе Crustacea, и, в частности, в отряде Amphipoda. Амфиподы озера Байкал также известны как группа с уникальными порядками генов в мт геномах. Чтобы оценить разнообразие порядков белок-кодирующих генов (ПГ) амфипод, был проведен сравнительный анализ генных перестроек в мт геномах байкальских и небайкальских видов. В некоторых случаях данные о перестройках генов и истории их перемещений у различных таксономических групп также могут информативно дополнять данные филогенетического анализа. Для 13 ранее полученных нуклеотидных последовательностей мт геномов байкальских видов мы определили 4 варианта ПГ, для 114 мт геномов небайкальских видов – 14 вариантов ПГ. Были также рассчитаны типы и число шагов перестроек (от 1 до 3), требующихся для перехода от одного порядка генов к другому, и число мт генов, подвергшихся перестройкам в каждом ПГ (от 1 до 5). Байкальские амфиподы принадлежат к двум линиям (I и II) в соответствии с молекулярными данными, указывающими на их происхождение от двух независимых вселений предковых видов в озеро. Все случаи перестроек порядка мт генов обнаружены у видов из линии I, тогда как порядок мт генов в линии II консервативен у всех изученных видов и соответствует модели Pancrustacean pattern (ПанПГ). ПанПГ был определен как предковый порядок генов для обеих линий байкальских амфипод. В исследовании обсуждаются возможные механизмы перестроек порядка мт генов, такие, как полная или частичная дупликация мт генома и последующие случайные делеции. Высказывается предположение, что повышенная скорость мутаций, ослабление стабилизирующего отбора и другие особые факторы могут влиять на вероятность появления и фиксации различных ПГ в мт геномах байкальских амфипод.

Significant gene order diversity of mitochondrial (mt) genomes of invertebrates is peculiar to subphylum Crustacea, and to order Amphipoda in particular. Amphipods from Lake Baikal are also known as a group with unique gene orders in their mt genomes. To estimate the diversity of protein-coding gene orders (GOs) in amphipods, a comparative analysis of gene rearrangements in the mt genomes of Baikal and non-Baikal species was performed. In some cases, gene rearrangement data and the history of gene relocation in different taxonomic groups can also supplement the results of phylogenetic inferences. Among the thirteen mt genomes of Baikal species sequenced in previous studies, four gene order patterns were identified, and fourteen gene order patterns for 114 mt genomes of non-Baikal species were observed. The type and number of rearrangement steps (from 1 to 3) required to transition from one order to another and the number of mt genes rearranged in each GO (from 1 to 5) were also defined. Baikalian amphipods belong to two lineages (I and II) according to molecular data which reveal their origin from two independent introductions of ancestral species into the lake. All cases of mt gene order rearrangements have been detected in species from the first lineage, whereas the mt gene order in the second lineage is conserved in all species studied and corresponds to the Pancrustacean pattern (PanGO). PanGO has been determined as the ancestral gene order for both Baikalian amphipod lineages. The possible mechanisms of mt gene order rearrangements such as a complete or partial duplication of mt genome and subsequent random deletions are discussed in our study. It is supposed that increased mutation rate, weakening of stabilizing selection and other specific factors may influence the probability of emergence and fixation of different GOs in mt genomes of Baikalian amphipods. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.