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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-26-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-4990</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОПУЛЯЦИОННАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POPULATION GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологический и молекулярно-генетический анализ полиморфизма рода Iris L. в Республике Башкортостан и Оренбургской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological and molecular genetic analysis of the genus Iris L. polymorphism in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Orenburg Region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аухадиева</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aukhadieva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вшивцева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vshivtseva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evsivceva4@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шигапов</surname><given-names>З. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shigapov</surname><given-names>Z. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ишбирдин</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishbirdin</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голованов</surname><given-names>Я. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovanov</surname><given-names>Ya. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюкова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Южно-Уральский ботанический сад-институт – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уфимский университет науки и технологий<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ufa University of Science and Technology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>146</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аухадиева Э.А., Блинов А.Г., Вшивцева Е.И., Шигапов З.Х., Ишбирдин А.Р., Голованов Я.М., Крюкова А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аухадиева Э.А., Блинов А.Г., Вшивцева Е.И., Шигапов З.Х., Ишбирдин А.Р., Голованов Я.М., Крюкова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aukhadieva E.A., Blinov A.G., Vshivtseva E.I., Shigapov Z.K., Ishbirdin A.R., Golovanov Y.M., Kryukova A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4990">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4990</self-uri><abstract><p>Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) – это космополитный род, включающий от 200 до 340 видов, распространенных по всему Северному полушарию. Хотя Iris является самой разнообразной группой в семействе Iridaceae, существует множество неопределенностей относительно его таксономического состава и систематики. Цель настоящего исследования – поиск молекулярных маркеров и таксономически значимых морфологических признаков генеративной и вегетативной сферы и оценка их информативности для выявления филогенетического родства представителей рода Iris. Образцы ирисов взяты из природных популяций Республики Башкортостан и Оренбургской области, а также получены из ботанических садов Санкт-Петербурга, Бонна, Байройта и Брно. В результате построения структуры изменчивости морфометрических показателей 11 видов найдено 10 таксономических индикаторов, общих для анализируемых таксонов и характеризующихся относительно низкими общей и согласованной изменчивостью: длина и ширина наружных долей околоцветника, длина и ширина внутренних долей околоцветника, длина тычиночной нити, пыльника и пестика, ширина плода, а также длина и ширина семени. Установлены нуклеотидные последовательности trnL-trnF фрагментов хлоропластной ДНК для 13 образцов четырех видов дикорастущей флоры Республики Башкортостан и Оренбургской области: Iris pumila L., I. scariosa Willd. ex Link., I. pseudacorus L., I. sibirica L. Полученные последовательности были использованы для построения филогенетического дерева совместно с trnL-trnF последовательностями еще семи видов ирисов, извлеченных из базы данных. На филогенетическом древе формируется пять групп (кластеров): 1) I. pumila L., I. scariosa Willd. ex Link; 2) I. pseudacorus L., I. setosa Pall. ex Link; 3) I. lactea Pall.; 4) I. sibirica L., I. sanguinea Hornem.; 5) I. spuria L., I. xanthospuria Mathew &amp; Baytop., I. foetidissima L., I. sintenisii Janka. Выявленные кластеры по составу входящих в них видов практически полностью совпадают с кластерами, обнаруженными при морфологическом анализе. Для подтверждения полученных результатов проведен филогенетический анализ интересующих видов еще на двух хлоропластных последовательностях, доступных в базе данных: matK и trnS-trnG. Кластеризация исследованных видов на trnS-trnG и matK полностью совпадает с кластеризацией на trnL-trnF. Таким образом, можно констатировать, что выявленные для родового комплекса Iris морфологические признаки демонстрируют значимую диагностическую ценность при проведении таксономических исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Iris is a cosmopolitan genus comprising 200 to 340 species distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Although Iris is the most diverse group in the family Iridaceae, there are many uncertainties regarding its taxonomic composition and systematics. The aim of this study was to search for taxonomically significant morphological characters of the generative and vegetative spheres and molecular markers with subsequent assessment of their informativeness in identifying phylogenetic relationships and compliance with the most relevant modern classification systems of the genus Iris. As a result of constructing the structure of variability of morphometric parameters of 11 species, 10 taxonomic indicators were identified that were common to the analyzed taxa and were characterized by relatively low total and coordinated variability: length and width of the outer perianth lobes, length and width of the inner perianth lobes, length of the filament, anther and pistil, fruit width, as well as seed length and width. Nucleotide sequences of trnL-trnF fragments of chloroplast DNA were established for 13 samples of four species of wild flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Orenburg Region: Iris pumila L., I. scariosa Willd. ex Link., I. pseudacorus L., I. sibirica L. The obtained sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree together with trnL-trnF sequences of seven more iris species extracted from the database. The tree contained five clusters: (1) I. pumila, I. scariosa; (2) I. pseudacorus, I. setosa Pall. ex Link; (3) I. lactea Pall.; (4) I. sibirica, I. sanguinea Hornem.; (5) I. spuria L., I. xanthospuria Mathew &amp; Baytop., I. foetidissima L., I. sintenisii Janka. By the composition of their species, the identified clusters almost completely coincided with the clusters found during the morphological analysis. To confirm the obtained results, a phylogenetic analysis of the species of interest was performed on two more chloroplast sequences available in the database: matK and trnS-trnG. Clustering of the studied species on trnS-trnG and matK completely coincided with clustering on trnL-trnF. Thus, we can state that the morphological features identified for the Iris generic complex work in the taxonomic direction. The analysis also showed that I. scariosa from natural populations of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Orenburg Region were identified correctly.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Iris</kwd><kwd>таксономия</kwd><kwd>таксономические индикаторы</kwd><kwd>нуклеотидные последовательности</kwd><kwd>trnL-trnF последовательность хлоропластной ДНК</kwd><kwd>филогенетическое древо</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iris</kwd><kwd>taxonomy</kwd><kwd>taxonomic indicators</kwd><kwd>nucleotide sequences</kwd><kwd>trnL-trnF chloroplast DNA sequence</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic tree</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out with the financial support of the state budget project FWNR-2022-0016.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexeeva N.B. 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