vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-23vavilov-5032Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGИзменчивость органельных геномов в коллекции раннеспелых сортов соиVariability of organelle genomes in a collection of early maturing soybean varietiesАлександровичВ. В.AleksandrovichV. V.

Минск

Minsk

valeria.alexandrovich@gmail.comСинявскаяМ. Г.SiniauskayaM. G.

Минск

Minsk

ШатарновО. П.ShatarnovA. P.

Минск

Minsk

ДавыденкоО. Г.DavydenkoO. G.

пос. Колодищи, Минская область

Kolodishchi, Minsk oblast

Институт генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук БеларусиБеларусьThe Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusBelarusООО «Соя-Север Ко»БеларусьSoya-North Co LtdBelarus202606042026302205211Copyright © Александрович В.В., Синявская М.Г., Шатарнов О.П., Давыденко О.Г., 20262026Александрович В.В., Синявская М.Г., Шатарнов О.П., Давыденко О.Г.Aleksandrovich V.V., Siniauskaya M.G., Shatarnov A.P., Davydenko O.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5032

Изменчивость геномов клеточных органелл – хлоропластов и митохондрий – является немаловажной компонентой общей изменчивости генома растений. Получено большое количество данных о сравнительных особенностях организации последовательностей органельных ДНК для различных групп растений. В настоящей работе представлены новые оригинальные данные об изменчивости геномов митохондрий и хлоропластов у сои (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), важной хозяйственной и пищевой культуры, широко возделываемой на территории Центральной Европы, в том числе и в Республике Беларусь. Рабочей гипотезой нашего исследования изначально стало предположение: возможно, особенности изменчивости последовательности или структуры ДНК органелл сои определяют способность одних сортов выступать в роли лучших материнских родителей, а других – быть лучшими отцовскими формами. Получены новые полные нуклеотидные последовательности хлоропластного и митохондриального геномов 46 образцов культурной сои с применением метода секвенирования нового поколения (NGS) на платформе Illumina. Выполнено комплексное биоинформатическое сравнительное исследование внутривидовой изменчивости геномов органелл у 46 сортов сои разнообразного географического происхождения. Выявлены полиморфные локусы геномов. Данные об изменчивости ДНК верифицированы секвенированием по Сэнгеру. Спектр изменчивости органельных ДНК, исследованных методом полногеномного секвенирования сортов сои, представлен тремя гаплотипами хлоропластной ДНК (С1–С3) и пятью гаплотипами митохондриальной ДНК (М1–М5). Обнаружен сравнительно низкий уровень внутривидовой изменчивости геномов органелл у G. max. Хлоропластный геном сои обладал меньшим уровнем изменчивости последовательности, чем митохондриальный. Разработан набор ДНК-маркеров к полиморфным локусам геномов органелл, позволяющий дифференцировать сорта сои на плазматипы. Методом ПЦР с последующим секвенированием по Сэнгеру дополнительно изучено 90 образцов сои из коллекции. Низкий уровень внутривидовой изменчивости геномов органелл у G. max подтвержден на расширенной группе образцов. Большая часть коллекции была представлена тремя плазматипами – С1/М1, С2/М2 и С1/М3. 46 полных последовательностей хлоропластной ДНК помещено в NCBI GenBank. Гипотеза влияния ДНК органелл на комбинационную способность различных сортов в настоящее время не подтверждена. Требуются более детальное изучение механизмов ядерно-цитоплазматического взаимодействия, поиск ядерных маркеров, влияющих на экспрессию цитоплазматических генов.

Variability of the genomes of cellular organelles (chloroplast and mitochondria) is an important component of the overall variability of the plant genome. A large amount of data has already been obtained on the comparative characteristics of the organization of organelle DNA sequences for different groups of plants. This paper presents new original data on the variability of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), a crop of great economic importance widely cultivated in Central Europe, including the Republic of Belarus. Initially, we supposed that the peculiarities of soybean organelle DNA sequence or organization promote certain soybean cultivars to be the best maternal and others, alternatively, the best paternal forms. As a result of the study, new complete nucleotide sequences of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of 46 soybean samples were obtained by the next generation sequencing method (NGS) on the Illumina platform. A comprehensive bioinformatic comparative study of intraspecific organelle genome variability in 46 soybean varieties of diverse geographical origin was conducted. Polymorphic loci of genomes were discovered. Data on DNA variability were verified by Sanger sequencing. The spectrum of organelle DNA variability of cultivated soybean was represented by three chloroplast DNA haplotypes (C1–C3) and five mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (M1–M5). A comparatively low level of intraspecific variability of organelle genomes in G. max was revealed. The soybean chloroplast genome had a lower level of sequence variability than the mitochondrial genome. A set of DNA markers for polymorphic loci of organelle genomes was developed, allowing the differentiation of varieties of the studied group into plasmatypes. Additionally, 90 soybean samples from the collection were studied using PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The low level of intraspecific variability of organelle genomes in G. max was confirmed on the extended group of samples. The majority of cultivars were represented by three plasmatypes – C1/M1, C2/M2 and C1/M3. 46 complete chloroplast DNA sequences have been deposited in NCBI GenBank. The hypothesis that organelle DNA influences the combining ability of different varieties has not yet been confirmed. A more detailed study of the mechanisms of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction is required, as well as a search for nuclear markers that affect the expression of organelle genes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.