vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-42vavilov-5105Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND PERFORMANCEСомаклональная изменчивость у видов рода Saccharum: раскрытие ее потенциала в современных условияхSomaclonal variation in Saccharum spp.: unraveling its potential despite current neglectМунирС.MunirS.

Группа биотехнологий сахарного тростника, Ядерный институт сельского хозяйства (NIA);

Отдел селекции и генетики растений, Ядерный институт сельского хозяйства и биологии

Тандо Джам, Фейсалабад

Sugarcane Biotechnology Group, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA);

Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology

Tando Jam, Faisalabad

ch.sana11@gmail.comДжаффарМ. А.Б.JaffarM. A.B.

Группа биотехнологий сахарного тростника

Тандо Джам

Sugarcane Biotechnology Group

Tando Jam

ЯсминШ.YasmeenS.

Группа биотехнологий сахарного тростника

Тандо Джам

Sugarcane Biotechnology Group

Tando Jam

ХанМ. Т.KhanM. T.

Отдел сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии

Фейсалабад

Agricultural Biotechnology Division

Faisalabad

ХанИ. А.KhanI. A.

Группа биотехнологий сахарного тростника

Тандо Джам

Sugarcane Biotechnology Group

Tando Jam

Ядерный институт сельского хозяйства (NIA); Ядерный институт сельского хозяйства и биологииПакистанNuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA); Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and BiologyPakistanЯдерный институт сельского хозяйства (NIA)ПакистанNuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA)PakistanНациональный институт биотехнологии и генной инженерииПакистанNational Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringPakistan202626052026303381390Copyright © Мунир С., Джаффар М.А., Ясмин Ш., Хан М.Т., Хан И.А., 20262026Мунир С., Джаффар М.А., Ясмин Ш., Хан М.Т., Хан И.А.Munir S., Jaffar M.A., Yasmeen S., Khan M.T., Khan I.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5105

Гибридизация различных местных сортов или диких видов сельскохозяйственных культур способствует генетической рекомбинации и приводит к созданию улучшенных сортов, в особенности у культур, размножающихся половым путем. В отличие от этого, у культур с бесполым размножением, таких как сахарный тростник (гибрид Saccharum spp.), генетическая рекомбинация посредством гибридизации затруднена из-за самоили перекрестной несовместимости (низкой фертильности). Такие сельскохозяйственные культуры могут быть улучшены за счет сомаклональной изменчивости с помощью методов культуры ткани. Сахарный тростник, являющийся одним из основных источников мирового производства сахара и биоэтанола, из-за недостаточной устойчивости к биотическим и абиотическим стрессовым факторам несет значительные потери урожая. Несмотря на эффективность методов культивирования in vitro, сомаклональная изменчивость остается недостаточно изученной в программах селекции сахарного тростника. Для решения проблем, появляющихся у сахарного тростника в условиях меняющейся динамики окружающей среды, в настоящем обзоре критически оценивается роль сомаклональной изменчивости в создании сортов сахарного тростника, рассмотрены ее основные механизмы, практическое применение и факторы, влияющие на ее возникновение. Кроме того, обсуждаются ограничения и проблемы практического применения этого метода при создании сортов, не позволяющие адекватно использовать его в современных селекционных работах. Использование потенциала сомаклональной изменчивости в сочетании с передовыми технологиями позволит преодолеть данные ограничения и удовлетворить растущие потребности в производстве сахара и биотоплива и в биоэнергетической промышленности.

Hybridization of different landraces or wild crop species facilitates genetic recombination and leads to the development of improved cultivars, particularly in sexually propagated crops. In contrast, genetic recombination via hybridization in asexually propagated crops like sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) is challenging due to self or cross incompatibility (low fertility). Such crops can be improved by somaclonal variation, which is achieved by tissue culture techniques. As a major contributor to global sugar and bioethanol production, sugarcane suffers substantial yield loss due to various biotic or abiotic stresses, which may be attributed to its poor resistance mechanism. Despite the potential of in vitro culture techniques, somaclonal variation remains underexplored in sugarcane breeding programs. To address the challenges posed to sugarcane under changing environmental dynamics, this review critically evaluates the role of somaclonal variation in sugarcane variety development, its underlying mechanism, practical applications, and factors affecting its occurrence. This review also discusses the limitations and challenges in the practical implementation of this technique in variety development, resulting in its neglect in modern breeding efforts. The focus on the potential of somaclonal variation, sustained by cutting-edge approaches, can unlock its limitations and fulfill the growing future demands of sugar, biofuel, and bioenergy industries.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.