vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-44vavilov-5109Research ArticleУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙ К АБИОТИЧЕСКОМУ СТРЕССУABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTSПути адаптации разных сортов груши к низкотемпературному стрессу в весенний периодAdaptive responses of pear cultivars to low-temperature stress in the spring periodМишкоА. Е.MishkoA. Е.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

mishko-alisa@mail.ruКлюкинаА. В.KlyukinaA. V.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделияРоссияNorth Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, WinemakingRussian Federation202626052026303403411Copyright © Мишко А.Е., Клюкина А.В., 20262026Мишко А.Е., Клюкина А.В.Mishko A.Е., Klyukina A.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5109

Хорошо известная семечковая культура – груша – на территории России занимает около 7 % общих площадей насаждений многолетних плодовых культур. Основную долю грушевых садов составляют зарубежные европейские сорта. Возвратные заморозки, которые характерны для южных регионов страны в весенний период, приводят к значительным потерям урожая. В настоящей работе изучены особенности ответных реакций цветочных почек сортов груши на низкотемпературный стресс. Исследовали крымский сорт Джанкойская поздняя, два краснодарских сорта Левен и Фламенко, а также межвидовой гибрид Киффер. Цветочные почки на разных стадиях развития промораживали в климатической камере в течение 12 ч при температуре –1.5…–2.0 °С. После стресса определяли активность некоторых ферментов антиоксидантной системы, содержание фенольных соединений, малонового диальдегида и уровень экспрессии генов тех же ферментов и белков, участвующих в холодовой адаптации. Выявлено, что осенний сорт Киффер в условиях Краснодарского края быстрее других изученных сортов начинает цвести, вследствие чего наиболее подвержен воздействию возвратных заморозков, о чем свидетельствуют высокие значения малонового диальдегида и уровень активности супероксиддисмутазы. Отечественные сорта Левен (зимний сорт) и Фламенко (летний) обладали самыми высокими показателями активности пероксидазы и экспрессии генов PcDREB2, PcCAP160, PcCOR413, PcPOX1 на фоне сниженного уровня малонового диальдегида. Как правило, данные сорта позднее выходили из состояния покоя по сравнению с сортом Киффер. Крымский сорт зимнего срока созревания был ближе по исследуемым параметрам к межвидовому гибриду, но отличался меньшими показателями ферментативной активности и экспрессией рассматриваемых генов. Полученные результаты позволяют заключить, что в условиях произрастания груши на территории южного региона страны, где возможны возвратные заморозки в весенний период, большей физиологической устойчивостью обладают сорта с началом цветения во второй-третьей декадах апреля, характеризующиеся высокими показателями антиоксидантной ферментативной активности, в первую очередь пероксидазы, и уровнем экспрессии генов PcDREB2, PcCAP160 и PcCOR413.

The pear is one of the most famous pome crops. It occupies about 7 % of the total area of perennial fruit crops in Russia. Orchard plantings are predominantly composed of foreign European cultivars. Spring frosts, which are typical for the southern regions of the country, lead to significant crop losses. This study determined the response characteristics of pear flower buds to low-temperature stress. The Crimean cultivar Dzhankoyskaya Pozdnyaya, two cultivars – Leven and Flamenco – of Krasnodar selection and the interspecific hybrid Kieffer were investigated. Flower buds at different developmental stages were exposed to a climatic chamber for 12 hours at temperatures –1.5…–2 °C. After stress exposure, the activity of certain antioxidant enzymes was determined, along with the content of phenolic compounds, malondialdehyde, and the gene expression level of its enzymes and proteins involved in cold adaptation. It was revealed that the autumn-ripening cultivar Kieffer, under conditions of the Krasnodar region, begins to bloom earlier than other studied cultivars, making it more susceptible to recurrent frosts. This is evidenced by high values of malondialdehyde and the activity level of superoxide dismutase. The Russian cultivars, Leven (winter cultivar) and Flamenco (summer cultivar), showed the highest activity of peroxidase and gene expression of PcDREB2, PcCAP160, PcCOR413, PcPOX1, with a reduced level of malondialdehyde. These cultivars typically emerged from dormancy later compared to Kieffer. The Crimean winter-ripening cultivar was closer to the interspecific hybrid in terms of the studied parameters but showed lower enzyme activity and gene expression levels. The obtained results suggest that under pear cultivation conditions in the southern region of the country, where spring frosts are possible, cultivars with flowering starting in the secondto-third decade of April and high indicators of antioxidant enzyme activity (primarily peroxidase) and gene expression levels of PcDREB2, PcCAP160, and PcCOR413 demonstrate greater resistance.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.