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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-26-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-5112</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИМБИОТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYMBIOTIC SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Производственный штамм клубеньковых бактерий сои RZ300 Bradyrhizobium japonicum, устойчивый к высыханию на поверхности семян: культуральные свойства и специфические особенности генома</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A production strain of soybean nodule bacteria RZ300 Bradyrhizobium japonicum resistant to drying on the seed surface: cultural properties and genomic features</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косульников</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosulnikov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердышева</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdysheva</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковальчук</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalchuk</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрков</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurkov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лактионов</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laktionov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laktionov@arriam.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной микробиологии<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>435</fpage><lpage>443</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Косульников Ю.В., Крюков А.А., Бердышева К.Н., Ковальчук А.И., Юрков А.П., Лактионов Ю.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Косульников Ю.В., Крюков А.А., Бердышева К.Н., Ковальчук А.И., Юрков А.П., Лактионов Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kosulnikov Y.V., Kryukov A.A., Berdysheva K.N., Kovalchuk A.I., Yurkov A.P., Laktionov Y.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5112">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5112</self-uri><abstract><p>Предпосевная обработка семян возделываемых бобовых культур препаратами клубеньковых бактерий является стандартной агрономической практикой, активно используемой при выращивании сои, эффективные микросимбионты которой часто отсутствуют в почве. В то же время, как показали многие </p><p>исследования, эффект от применения биопрепарата во многом зависит от выживаемости ризобиальных клеток на семенах при высыхании. В настоящей работе проведен анализ жизнеспособности у трех производственных штаммов Bradyrhizobium japonicum, 643б, 640 и RZ300, на семенах сои Glycine max L. разного происхождения (сорта ЭН Аргента, Бара и Пруденс) в опытах, различающихся по разным параметрам: концентрациям инокулянта (10 и 100 %), температурам высушивания (5, 15, 25 °C) и составам защитных полимерно-углеводных композиций. В результате экспериментов обнаружено, что сорт сои не оказывал заметного влияния на жизнеспособность изучаемых штаммов ризобий, в то время как штаммы существенно различались по этому признаку. Наибольшую устойчивость к высыханию на семенах сои показал штамм RZ300. Сравнительный анализ генома этого штамма с геномом слабо устойчивого к высыханию штамма B. japonicum 634б позволил выявить наличие у штамма RZ300 гена opgC (кодирует белок ОpgC, участвующий в биосинтезе осморегулируемых периплазматических глюканов (OPGs)), который отсутствует у штамма 634б и, возможно, может определять повышенную устойчивость клубеньковых бактерий к высыханию на семенах. При изучении эффекта различных защитных композиций было отмечено, что лучшими защитными свойствами обладают составы на основе 50 % раствора сахарозы, а наибольшая устойчивость ризобий к высыханию проявляется при температуре+5 °C. Полученные в этой работе результаты могут быть использованы как в селекции эффективных штаммовинокулянтов, так и в технологическом сопровождении при создании биопрепаратов. Данные, полученные при изучении геномов штаммов, представляют интерес как для разработки систем генетического скрининга при поиске перспективных штаммов, так и для изучения возможности введения генетических конструкций с геном opgC в перспективные штаммы ризобий для улучшения их технологичности, т. е. обеспечения возможности эффективной заблаговременной инокуляции семян.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pre-sowing treatment of cultivated legume seeds with nodule bacteria preparations is a standard agronomic practice. This is particularly important in soybean cultivation, as effective microsymbionts of soybeans are often absent from the soil. However, as many studies have shown, the efficacy of biopreparations depends largely on the survival of rhizobial cells on seeds during drying. In this study, we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence). The experiments evaluated several parameters: inoculant concentrations (10 and 100 %), drying temperatures (5, 15, and 25 °C), and protective polymer-carbohydrate formulations. The experiments revealed that the soybean variety had no noticeable effect on the viability of the studied rhizobial strains, while the strains themselves differed significantly in this regard. The RZ300 strain demonstrated the highest resistance to drying on soybean seeds. A comparative genomic analysis of this strain and the less resistant B. japonicum strain 634b revealed the presence of the opgC gene in the RZ300 strain (encodes the ОpgC protein involved in the biosynthesis of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs)). This gene is absent in strain 634b and may potentially determine the increased resistance of nodule bacteria to drying on seeds. An evaluation of various protective formulations demonstrated that formulations based on 50 % sucrose provide the best protection, with rhizobia showing the highest resistance to drying at +5 °C. The results obtained in this study can be used both in the selection of effective inoculant strains and for providing technological support in the development of biological products. The genomic data support the development of genetic screening systems to identify promising strains and the potential introduction of the opgC gene into promising rhizobial strains to improve their manufacturability, i. e. to enable effective early seed inoculation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клубеньковые бактерии</kwd><kwd>соя Glycine max L.</kwd><kwd>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</kwd><kwd>микробные биопрепараты</kwd><kwd>осмотический стресс</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>гены устойчивости к осмотическому стрессу</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nodule bacteria</kwd><kwd>soy Glycine max L.</kwd><kwd>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</kwd><kwd>microbial biologics</kwd><kwd>osmotic stress</kwd><kwd>genome-wide sequencing</kwd><kwd>osmotic stress resistance genes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was supported by Russian Science Foundation No. 25-26-00242</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker B.R., Ives C.M., Bray A., Caffrey M., Cochrane S.A. 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