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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-26-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-5182</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ВИДОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EVOLUTION OF SPECIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция вида Ovis aries</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of the species Ovis aries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-2929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамируев</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamiruev</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chita</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tnik0979@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт ветеринарии Восточной Сибири – филиал Сибирского федерального научного центра агробиотехнологий Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Eastern Siberia – Branch of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of AgroBioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>696</fpage><lpage>707</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хамируев Т.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хамируев Т.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khamiruev T.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5182">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5182</self-uri><abstract><p>Овца – одно из первых одомашненных животных в неолитической Юго-Западной Евразии. Представленное исследование позволяет предположить, что одомашнивание овец произошло на Анатолийском плато, к северо-западу от общепринятых границ Плодородного полумесяца, а не внутри них. Однако многие аспекты процесса доместикации (конкретное место, время и история после доместикации) остаются до конца невыясненными. В обзоре подробно рассматривается филогенез, прослеживается основная роль азиатского муфлона (Ovis gmelini) как предка, а также обсуждаются спорные аспекты вклада других диких видов Ovis, раскрывается история интродукции и миграции овец в мире, обобщается современное научное понимание филогенетических связей между популяциями диких муфлонов и домашних овец (Ovis aries). Рассматриваются многогранный процесс приручения, обсуждаются предлагаемые эволюционные механизмы, такие как синдром одомашнивания, и гипотезы о гормонах щитовидной железы, а также опосредованный человеком отбор ключевых фенотипических признаков. В статье анализируются результаты, полученные с помощью различных генетических маркеров, включая гаплогруппы митохондриальной ДНК. Филогенетический анализ с использованием митохондриальной ДНК был успешно применен для выявления филогеографических закономерностей и времени дивергенции с раннего неолита и до средневековья, миграции овец из центра одомашнивания в Азию, Европу и Африку. Одомашненные овцы, пережившие и выдержавшие экстремальные изменения климата, происходившие в последний послеледниковый период, стали родоначальниками современных местных пород овец. Начиная с седьмого тысячелетия до нашей эры одомашненные овцы были завезены на Кавказ, в Центральную Азию и Европу. Распространение овец в Азии началось с Ближнего Востока на Монгольское плато и Индийский субконтинент, затем на север и юго-запад Китая. В России, территория которой занимает значительную часть Евразии, выведено уникальное породное разнообразие овец, при этом гаплогруппа B типична для пород овец европейского типа происхождения (западные географические регионы), а гаплогруппа A – для овец азиатского типа (восточные географические регионы).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The sheep was one of the first domesticated animals in Neolithic Southwest Eurasia. The presented study suggests that the domestication of sheep occurred on the Anatolian plateau, to the northwest of the commonly accepted boundaries of the Fertile Crescent, rather than within it. However, many aspects of the domestication process (the specific place, time, and history after domestication) have remained not fully understood. The review examines in detail the complex origin, traces the primary role of the Asian mouflon (Ovis gmelini) as an ancestor, and also discusses controversial aspects of the contribution of other wild Ovis species. It reveals the history of the introduction and migration of sheep in the world, and summarizes the current scientific understanding of the phylogenetic relationships between populations of wild mouflons and domestic sheep (Ovis aries). A multifaceted process of domestication is considered, and the proposed evolutionary mechanisms are discussed, such as the domestication syndrome and hypotheses about thyroid hormones, as well as the human-mediated selection of key phenotypic traits. The article analyzes the results obtained using various genetic markers, including mitochondrial DNA haplogroups. Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA has been successfully applied to identify the phylogeographic patterns and divergence times, from the early Neolithic to the Middle Ages, of sheep migration from the domestication center to Asia, Europe, and Africa. Domesticated sheep, having survived and endured extreme climate changes that occurred in the last post-glacial period, became the ancestors of modern local sheep breeds. Starting from the seventh millennium BC, domesticated sheep were brought to the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Europe. The spread of sheep in Asia began from the Middle East to the Mongolian Plateau and the Indian subcontinent, then to the north and southwest of China. In Russia, the territory of which covers a significant part of Eurasia, a unique breed diversity of sheep has been developed, with haplogroup B typical for breeds of the European-type origin (western geographic regions), and haplogroup A of the Asian-type sheep (eastern geographic regions).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эволюция</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>муфлон</kwd><kwd>доместикация</kwd><kwd>домашняя овца</kwd><kwd>миграция</kwd><kwd>гаплогруппа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>evolution</kwd><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>mouflon</kwd><kwd>domestication</kwd><kwd>domestic sheep</kwd><kwd>migration</kwd><kwd>haplogroup</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, project No. FNUU-2025-0003.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahbara A.M., Musa H.H., Robert C., Abebe A., Al-Jumaili A.S., Kebede A., Latairish S., Agoub M.O., Clark E., Hanotte O., Mwacharo J.M. 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