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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-26-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-5186</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отбор и анализ DNase I-гиперчувствительных сайтов для пренатального определения трисомии 21 у плода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Selection and evaluation of DNase I hypersensitive sites for prenatal screening of trisomy 21 in the fetus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-640X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазур</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazur.am@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старшин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starshin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богуш</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogush</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-9975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорчук</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhortchouk</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва; федеральная территория «Сириус», Краснодарский край</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow; Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биоинженерии, Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Пироговский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биоинженерии, Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук; Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Sirius University of Science and Technology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>669</fpage><lpage>675</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мазур А.М., Старшин А.С., Богуш Н.В., Прохорчук Е.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мазур А.М., Старшин А.С., Богуш Н.В., Прохорчук Е.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mazur A.M., Starshin A.S., Bogush N.V., Prokhortchouk E.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5186">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5186</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной работе представлен новый подход к неинвазивной пренатальной диагностике хромосомных аномалий, основанный на анализе эпигенетических особенностей циркулирующей внеклеточной ДНК (вкДНК). Ключевая идея метода заключается в использовании фундаментальных различий в организации хроматина между материнскими и фетальными клетками. В частности, мы сосредоточились на участках генома, которые в материнских клетках крови находятся в открытом состоянии (DHS), но остаются закрытыми в тканях плода. Эти эпигенетические различия создают уникальные паттерны вкДНК, позволяющие выделить фетальную ДНК из общего пула материнской вкДНК. Работа включает в себя несколько основных шагов: проведение полногеномного скрининга для выявления дифференциально доступных участков хроматина, отбор наиболее информативных маркеров при помощи алгоритма машинного обучения, таргетное секвенирование отобранных эпигенетических маркеров с применением молекулярных баркодов и построение модели на основе LASSO-регрессии с последующей ее валидацией. Особое внимание уделено диагностике трисомии хромосомы 21 (синдрома Дауна), как наиболее клинически значимого хромосомного нарушения. Разработанный алгоритм демонстрирует высокую точность при анализе отобранных эпигенетических маркеров. Важное преимущество метода – его технологическая гибкость: отобранные маркеры можно анализировать как с помощью NGS, так и более доступными методами, включая цифровую ПЦР. Перспективы дальнейшего развития метода включают расширение диагностической панели для выявления других частых анеуплоидий (трисомии хромосом 13, 18), а также микроделеционных синдромов. Предлагаемый подход открывает новые возможности для создания экономически эффективных тест-систем, которые могут быть внедрены в широкую клиническую практику, обеспечивая высокую точность диагностики при снижении стоимости анализа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study introduces a novel approach for noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of chromosomal abnormalities, based on analysis of epigenetic features in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The core innovation of our method leverages fundamental differences in chromatin organization between maternal and fetal cells. Specifically, we focused on genomic regions that exhibit open chromatin configuration in maternal blood cells but remain tightly packed in fetal tissues (DNase I hypersensitive sites or DHSs). These epigenetic differences create distinct cfDNA fragmentation signatures that allow selective identification of fetal DNA within the maternal cfDNA pool. The study workflow comprised several key steps: performing genome-wide screening to identify differentially accessible chromatin regions, selecting the most informative markers using a machine learning algorithm, and targeted sequencing of the selected epigenetic markers using molecular barcodes. Subsequently, a LASSO regression model was constructed and validated. As a proof of concept, the study demonstrates the method’s efficacy in identifying trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), though the underlying principles can be readily adapted to other abnormalities. Complementing its robust performance, the technique offers practical advantages in terms of platform compatibility – the same epigenetic markers can be assessed using either next-generation sequencing or simpler, more cost-efficient methods like digital PCR. With further refinement, the approach could be extended to screen for additional aneuploidies (trisomies 13 and 18) and microdeletion syndromes. Therefore, this approach offers new opportunities for developing cost-effective testing systems suitable for widespread routine clinical implementation, combining high diagnostic accuracy with reduced analysis costs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроматин</kwd><kwd>внеклеточная ДНК</kwd><kwd>анеуплоидия</kwd><kwd>трисомия</kwd><kwd>НИПТ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chromatin</kwd><kwd>cell free DNA</kwd><kwd>aneuploidy</kwd><kwd>trisomy</kwd><kwd>NIPT</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by a grant from the state program of the “Sirius” Federal Territory “Scientific and Technological Development of the “Sirius” Federal Territory” (Agreement No. 21-03 dated September 27, 2024) (for the section “Whole-genome sequencing data analysis algorithm”) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alberry M.S., Aziz E., Ahmed S.R., Abdel-Fattah S. 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