vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-66vavilov-5187Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКАHUMAN GENETICSГенетическая характеристика и метаанализ населения Северного Причерноморья I тысячелетия н. э. по данным древней ДНКGenetic characterization and meta-analysis of the population of the Northern Black Sea region in the 1st millennium CE based on ancient DNA datahttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-5618-1564АйтугановаЭ. Д.AituganovaE. D.

федеральная территория Сириус, Краснодарский край

Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar region

ajtuganova.ed@talantiuspeh.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4681-2007КоньковА. С.Kon’kovA. S.

федеральная территория Сириус, Краснодарский край

Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar region

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7625-0063АндрееваТ. В.AndreevaT. V.

федеральная территория Сириус, Краснодарский край; Москва

Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar region; Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0273-203XРождественскихЕ. В.RozhdestvenskikhE. V.

федеральная территория Сириус, Краснодарский край

Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar region

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5163-8747МанаховА. Д.ManakhovA. D.

федеральная территория Сириус, Краснодарский край; Москва

Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar region; Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-8783РогаевЕ. И.RogaevE. I.

федеральная территория Сириус, Краснодарский край; Шрусбери, США

Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar region; Shrewsburry, MA, USA

Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»РоссияSirius University of Science and TechnologyRussian FederationНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус»; Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук; Центр генетики и генетических технологий, кафедра генетики биологического факультета МГУ им. М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияSirius University of Science and Technology; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Centre of Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус»; Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наукРоссияSirius University of Science and Technology; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус»; Медицинская школа Чан Массачусетского университета, департамент психиатрииРоссияSirius University of Science and Technology; Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical SchoolRussian Federation202624072026304658668Copyright © Айтуганова Э.Д., Коньков А.С., Андреева Т.В., Рождественских Е.В., Манахов А.Д., Рогаев Е.И., 20262026Айтуганова Э.Д., Коньков А.С., Андреева Т.В., Рождественских Е.В., Манахов А.Д., Рогаев Е.И.Aituganova E.D., Kon’kov A.S., Andreeva T.V., Rozhdestvenskikh E.V., Manakhov A.D., Rogaev E.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5187

За последние два десятилетия внедрение полногеномного анализа древней ДНК привело к прорыву в археогенетических исследованиях, существенно расширив наше понимание генетической истории человечества. На этом фоне особую актуальность приобретает изучение Северного Причерноморья I тысячелетия нашей эры (1–1000 гг.), региона, который в течение всего периода оставался зоной интенсивного культурного обмена и миграций. Несмотря на его историческую значимость, объем доступных данных древней ДНК по этому периоду пока остается ограниченным. В настоящей работе систематизированы и проанализированы опубликованные результаты полногеномного секвенирования 48 древних образцов, относящихся к различным археологическим культурам региона: позднескифской, сарматской, аланской, булгарской, салтово-маяцкой и черняховской. Систематизация данных и применение методов популяционно-генетического анализа позволили проследить генетическую преемственность на памятниках позднескифской, а также отдельно – аланской культуры по отношению к предшествующему населению. Удалось обнаружить межкультурные связи алан, булгар и носителей салтово-маяцкой культуры, в генетической структуре которых отмечается влияние кавказского и восточноевразийского компонентов. С другой стороны, зафиксированы эпизоды масштабных миграций и полной смены населения, наиболее ярко выраженные в сарматской экспансии I–IV вв. н. э., следы которой генетически прослеживаются от Урала до Карпат. По единичным образцам выявлена генетическая преемственность между представителями черняховской культуры и ранними славянскими группами. Полученные результаты демонстрируют мозаичность генетического ландшафта региона, формировавшегося под воздействием многоволновых миграций и межкультурных контактов. Статья освещает современное состояние исследований, показывает основные достижения и намечает перспективы дальнейшего изучения в области археогенетики Северного Причерноморья в I тысячелетии н. э.

Over the past two decades, the introduction of whole-genome sequencing analysis of ancient DNA has led to a breakthrough in archaeogenetic research, significantly expanding our understanding of human genetic history. In this context the Northern Black Sea region during first millennium CE (1–1,000 CE) is of particular relevance, as it remained a hub of intense cultural exchange and migration. Despite its historical importance, ancient genomic data from this period remains scarce, and a comprehensive synthesis of existing findings is lacking. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of published whole-genome sequencing data from 48 ancient samples associated with key archaeological cultures of the region: Late Scythian, Sarmatian, Alan, Bulgar, Saltovo-Mayaki and Chernyakhov. Through the systematization of data, we trace genetic continuity at Late Scythian and Alanian sites relative to preceding populations. Episodes of large-scale migration and population replacement have been documented, most clearly evident in the Sarmatian expansion of the 1st–4th centuries CE, with genetic traces extending from the Urals to the Carpathians. Based on limited evidence, genetic continuity has been identified between representatives of the Chernyakhov culture and early Slavic groups. Through our meta-analysis, we further detect intercultural connections between the Alans, Bulgars, and bearers of the Saltovo-Mayaki culture, whose genetic structure reveals the influence of Caucasian and East Eurasian components. Collectively, these findings underscore the complex genetic landscape of the region, shaped by successive migration waves and multifaceted intercultural contacts. We conclude by outlining key unresolved questions and future directions for archaeogenetic research in the Northern Black Sea region during the first millennium CE.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.