vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-64vavilov-5189Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND PERFORMANCEСоздание тритикале с фиолетовой окраской зернаDevelopment of purple-grain triticalehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7499-6803ПетрашН. В.PetrashN. V.

Новосибирск; р. п. Краснообск, Новосибирская область

Novosibirsk; Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

pnv11@bionet.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-0469СтёпочкинП. И.StepochkinP. I.

Новосибирск; р. п. Краснообск, Новосибирская область

Novosibirsk; Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202624072026304636644Copyright © Петраш Н.В., Стёпочкин П.И., 20262026Петраш Н.В., Стёпочкин П.И.Petrash N.V., Stepochkin P.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5189

Зерна злаковых культур с фиолетовой окраской отличаются высокой антиоксидантной активностью благодаря содержанию антоцианов в оболочке и представляют интерес для производства полезных продуктов питания. Однако у тритикале пока не выведены формы с богатой антоцианами фиолетовой окраской зерна. Цель настоящей работы – получение с использованием маркер-вспомогательной селекции новых форм пшенично-ржаных амфиплоидов с фиолетовой окраской зерна и сравнительная оценка их по содержанию антоцианов и показателям продуктивности. Определение генотипа гибридов тритикале Садко (× Triticosecale Wittmack) с фиолетовозерной линией полбы 27-3/17 (T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl.) проводили с применением молекулярных ДНК-маркеров. У всех гибридов F3, имеющих фиолетовую окраску зерна, установлено наличие двух комплементарно действующих доминантных генов, Pp3 и Pp-B1, отвечающих за повышенное содержание антоцианов в зерне. В последующих поколениях растения пшенично-ржаных амфиплоидов имели фиолетовую окраску зерна. Общее содержание антоцианов в цельнозерновой муке гибридов варьировало от 36 до 529.3 мкг/г. Высокое содержание определено у образца 2-1-6-6 (529.3 мкг/г). На уровне контроля (полба – 382.6 мкг/г) были образцы 2-1-1-4е, 2-1-5-10а и 2-1-6-4б. Растения гибридов F5–6 обладали типичным фенотипом гексаплоидных тритикале. По длине колоса и количеству колосков превышали показатели полбы. Число зерен колоса у гибридов было меньше, чем у контроля тритикале Садко, и достигло в среднем 28.0 и 34.4 шт. в 2024 и 2025 гг. соответственно. Масса 1000 зерен фиолетовозерных семей тритикале в 2025 г. была на уровне материнской формы Садко и составила в среднем 47.6 г. Средняя урожайность с единицы площади у гибридов (470 г/м2) в 2025 г. была выше, чем у полбы (306 г/м2), но ниже, чем у Садко (584 г/м2). Таким образом, получен селекционный материал фиолетовозерных форм тритикале, по ряду признаков схожий с материнской формой тритикале Садко, но отличающийся от отцовской формы полбы – донора фиолетовой окраски зерна.

Purple-colored grains of cereal crops are characterized by high antioxidant activity. Anthocyanins, polyphenolic compounds found in the pericarp of their grains, have beneficial effects on human health. However, triticale has not yet developed forms with anthocyanin-rich purple grain color. The aim of this work was to obtain new forms of wheat-rye amphiploids with purple grain color using marker-assisted breeding and to compare their anthocyanin content and productivity indicators. Molecular DNA markers were used to determine the genotype of hybrids produced by triticale Sadko (× Triticosecale Wittmack) and a purple-colored emmer wheat line 27-3/17 (T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl.). Purple-colored F3 hybrids carried two complementary dominant genes Pp3 and Pp-B1 in a homozygous state responsible for the high content of anthocyanins in the grain. In subsequent generations, the wheat-rye amphiploids had a purple grain color. The total anthocyanin content in the whole grain flour of the hybrids ranged from 36 to 529.3 μg/g. The high content was recorded in sample 2-1-6-6 (529.3 μg/g). Samples 2-1-1-4e, 2-1-5-10a and 2-1-6-4b were at the control level (emmer wheat – 382.6 3 μg/g). The F5–6 hybrid plants had a typical hexaploid triticale phenotype. The spike length and the number of spikelets exceeded those of emmer wheat. The number of spike grains in the hybrids was less than that in the Sadco triticale averaging at 28.0 and 34.4 in 2024 and 2025, respectively. 1,000 grain weight of purple-grained triticale families in 2025 was comparable to the Sadko maternal form and averaged 47.6 g. The yield per unit area of hybrid families (470 g/m2) in 2025 was higher than that of emmer wheat (306 g/m2), but lower than that of Sadko (584 g/m2). Thus, the breeding material of purple-grained triticale forms was obtained, which in a number of ways is similar to the triticale Sadko maternal form, but differs from the paternal form of the purple grain donor emmer wheat.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.