vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-59vavilov-5191Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICSНекоторые аспекты межвидовой гибридизации Solanum lycopersicum L. и Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.Issues of interspecific hybridization between Solanum lycopersicum L. and Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-1164ВишняковаА. В.VishnyakovaA. V.

Москва

Moscow

a.vishnyakova@rgau-msha.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2926-3800ФедотовА. П.FedotovA. P.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0603-6293ОсмининаЕ. В.OsmininaE. V.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8481-6179МартиросянА. З.MartirosyanA. Z.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6867-0249КобяшоваА. Д.KobyashovaA. D.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8802-6454АлександроваА. А.AlexandrovaA. A.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-500XМироновА. А.MironovA. A.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9404-8862МонахосС. Г.MonakhosS. G.

Москва

Moscow

Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationСколковский институт науки и технологийРоссияSkolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyRussian Federation202624072026304569580Copyright © Вишнякова А.В., Федотов А.П., Осминина Е.В., Мартиросян А.З., Кобяшова А.Д., Александрова А.А., Миронов А.А., Монахос С.Г., 20262026Вишнякова А.В., Федотов А.П., Осминина Е.В., Мартиросян А.З., Кобяшова А.Д., Александрова А.А., Миронов А.А., Монахос С.Г.Vishnyakova A.V., Fedotov A.P., Osminina E.V., Martirosyan A.Z., Kobyashova A.D., Alexandrova A.A., Mironov A.A., Monakhos S.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5191

Межвидовая гибридизация играет большую роль в селекции томата (Solanum lycopersicum L.), позволяет обогащать генофонд новыми признаками и создавать сорта и гибриды с устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим факторам. Перспективным источником для интрогрессии ценных признаков может быть паслен гулявниколистный (Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.). Сведения о результатах гибридизации между S. lycopersicum и S. sisymbriifolium противоречивы: одни исследователи описывают полученные растения как удвоенные гаплоиды, другие – как типичные межвидовые гибриды. В настоящей работе мы уточнили природу потомства от гибридизации S. lycopersicum и S. sisymbriifolium путем анализа начальных стадий развития семязачатков и описания морфологических и цитогенетических особенностей полученных растений. Получение межвидовых гибридов между S. lycopersicum и S. sisymbriifolium сопряжено с постзиготическими барьерами нескрещиваемости. Сравнительный анализ развивающихся семязачатков от самоопыления линий томата с функциональной мужской стерильностью и от их опыления S. sisymbriifolium выявил, что лишь часть семязачатков развивается по типичному пути, в то время как большинство либо останавливается в развитии, либо формирует партенокарпические структуры с псевдоэмбриональной тканью. С использованием эмбриокультуры нами было получено 12 растений от гибридизации S. lycopersicum и S. sisymbriifolium. По морфологическим признакам все растения были близки S. lycopersicum, однако отмечено появление признаков, не характерных для родительских линий томата, например желто-оранжевой окраски зрелых плодов у растений, полученных при скрещивании линии зеленоплодных томатов с красноплодным пасленом гулявниколистным. При анализе числа хромосом в меристемах корня наблюдали миксоплоидию (2n = 16–26), а при микроспорогенезе регистрировали множественные нарушения мейоза. Таким образом, комплексный эмбриологический, морфологический и цитогенетический анализ предоставляет доказательства гибридного происхождения полученных растений, что подтверждает возможность преодоления постзиготических барьеров между данными видами и открывает путь к использованию S. sisymbriifolium в селекции томата.

Interspecific hybridization plays a crucial role in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) breeding for introducing beneficial traits from wild relatives, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Sticky nightshade (Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.) is a promising source for the introgression of desirable traits. Reports on hybridization between S. lycopersicum and S. sisymbriifolium remain contradictory, differently describing the progeny as doubled haploids or interspecific hybrids. In the present study, we clarify the nature of the progeny derived from hybridization between S. lycopersicum and S. sisymbriifolium by analyzing the early stages of ovule development and characterizing the morphological and cytogenetic features of the resulting plants. Interspecific hybridization between S. lycopersicum and S. sisymbriifolium encounters postzygotic reproductive barriers. Only a small proportion of developing ovules in male-sterile tomato lines, whether self-pollinated or pollinated with S. sisymbriifolium followed the normal developmental pathway. In most cases, either ovule development was arrested, or parthenocarpic seed-like bodies formed instead of normal seeds. Embryo rescue enabled the recovery of 12 plants resulting from interspecific hybridization of S. lycopersicum and S. sisymbriifolium. Morphologically, the plants closely resembled the S. lycopersicum parent, although they displayed several traits distinctive from those of the parental tomato lines. Notably, yellow-orange mature fruits developed in progeny from the cross of green-fruited S. lycopersicum and red-fruited S. sisymbriifolium. Analysis of chromosome numbers in root meristems revealed mixoploidy (2n = 16–26), and meiotic analysis during microsporogenesis showed multiple aberrations in meiosis. Thus, comprehensive embryological, morphological, and cytogenetic analyses provide evidence for the hybrid origin of the obtained plants. This confirms the possibility of overcoming postzygotic barriers between these species and opens avenues for the utilization of S. sisymbriifolium in tomato breeding programs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.