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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-26-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-5193</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследования генетического разнообразия и геномов мискантуса для оптимизации их биотехнологического потенциала</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research on genetic diversity and genomes of Miscanthus for optimizing their biotechnological potential</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-5441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чадаева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chadaeva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ichadaeva@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0918-8441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каретников</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karetnikov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-6288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронозин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronozin</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3677-7333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубцева</surname><given-names>Э. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubtseva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0738-5625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омельянчук</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omeljanchuk</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3151-5181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9738-1409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонников</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonnikov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>593</fpage><lpage>600</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чадаева И.В., Каретников Д.И., Пронозин А.Ю., Стародубцева Э.С., Омельянчук Н.А., Кочетов А.В., Афонников Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чадаева И.В., Каретников Д.И., Пронозин А.Ю., Стародубцева Э.С., Омельянчук Н.А., Кочетов А.В., Афонников Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chadaeva I.V., Karetnikov D.I., Pronozin A.Y., Starodubtseva E.S., Omeljanchuk N.A., Kochetov A.V., Afonnikov D.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5193">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5193</self-uri><abstract><p>Представленный обзор посвящен интеграции геномных подходов в изучение растений рода Miscanthus. Мискантусы представляют собой многолетние травы, перспективные для создания энергетических культур, характеризующихся высокой продуктивностью биомассы, устойчивостью к абиотическим стрессам и низкими требованиями к агротехнологиям. Рассматриваются методы анализа генетического разнообразия, полногеномные сборки, а также современные достижения в расшифровке молекулярно-генетических механизмов, определяющих продуктивность и стрессоустойчивость, с целью применения их в селекции. Приведены данные по полногеномным сборкам ключевых видов – M. sinensis (Msi), M. sacchariflorus (Msa), M. floridulus (Mfl) и M. lutarioriparius (Mlu) – с использованием различных технологий (Illumina, PacBio, Oxford Nanopore, Hi-C). Геномные исследования выявили сложную эволюцию рода, включающую палеоаллополиплоидию, хромосомные слияния и дупликации, что обусловливает высокое генетическое разнообразие у этих видов. Полные хромосомные сборки геномов их стали основой для сравнительной геномики, установления таксономических отношений (включая признание Mlu подвидом Msa, а Mfl – подтипом Msi) и изучения синтении с родственными культурами, такими как сорго. Полученная информация о геноме мискантусов позволяет с высокой полнотой и точностью идентифицировать набор генов, целевых для селекции по наиболее важным биотехнологическим признакам. В то же время коммерческий гибрид M. × giganteus (M×g) характеризуется крайне низким уровнем генетического полиморфизма, что делает его уязвимым к патогенам и климатическим колебаниям. Совокупность данных о генетическом полиморфизме, филогеографии и функциональной аннотации геномов открывает возможности для создания новых, продуктивных и экологически безопасных сортов мискантуса через межвидовые скрещивания, модификацию плоидности и генную инженерию. Эти достижения способствуют оптимизации биотехнологического потенциала мискантусов в производстве биотоплива и других биоматериалов, а также восстановлению деградированных земель.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Plants of the genus Miscanthus are a promising perennial energy crop, combining high biomass productivity, resistance to abiotic stress, and low agricultural technology requirements. This review summarizes recent advances in genomic and transcriptomic studies of the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the economically valuable traits of Miscanthus. Data on whole-genome assemblies of key species – M. sinensis (Msi), M. sacchariflorus (Msa), M. floridulus (Mfl), and M. lutarioriparius (Mlu) – are presented using various technologies (Illumina, PacBio, Oxford Nanopore, Hi-C). Genomic studies have revealed the complex evolution of the genus, including paleoallopolyploidy, chromosomal fusions, and duplications, which accounts for the high genetic diversity of these species. Their genome assemblies at the complete chromosome level have become the basis for comparative genomics, establishing taxonomic relationships (including the recognition of Mlu as a subspecies of Msa and Mfl as a subtype of Msi), and studying synteny with related crops such as sorghum. The information on the Miscanthus genome allows for the complete and accurate identification of a set of genes targeting breeding for the most important biotechnological traits. At the same time, the commercial hybrid M. × giganteus (M × g) is characterized by extremely low levels of genetic polymorphism, making it vulnerable to pathogens and climate fluctuations. The integration of genetic polymorphism data, phylogeography, and functional annotation of genomes opens up opportunities for the development of new, productive, and environmentally friendly Miscanthus varieties through interspecific crossings, ploidy modification, and genetic engineering. These advances contribute to the optimization of the biotechnological potential of Miscanthus for the production of biofuels and other biomaterials and the restoration of degraded lands.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мискантус (Miscanthus)</kwd><kwd>селекция новой сельскохозяйственной культуры</kwd><kwd>секвенирование RNAseq</kwd><kwd>транскриптомы</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к факторам стресса</kwd><kwd>маркеры</kwd><kwd>базы данных</kwd><kwd>биотопливо</kwd><kwd>биотехнологии и промышленность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Miscanthus</kwd><kwd>new agricultural crop breeding</kwd><kwd>RNAseq sequencing</kwd><kwd>transcriptome</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>stress tolerance</kwd><kwd>markers</kwd><kwd>databases</kwd><kwd>biofuels</kwd><kwd>biotechnology and industry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the state budget project FWNR-2025-0032.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrić S., Knežević G., Maletić S., Rončević S., Isakovski M.K., Zeremski T., Beljin J. 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