vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-62vavilov-5195Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND PERFORMANCEГрибные патогены растений: расшифровка механизмов фузариозного увяданияFungal pathogens of plants: deciphering the mechanisms of Fusarium wilthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-2246БанкинМ. П.BankinM. P.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9353-9173СамсоноваА. А.SamsonovaA. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

РожминаТ. А.RozhminaT. A.

Торжок

Torzhok

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-0395СамсоноваМ. Г.SamsonovaM. G.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

m.g.samsonova@gmail.comСанкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра ВеликогоРоссияPeter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный научный центр лубяных культурРоссияFederal Research Center for Bast Fiber CropsRussian Federation202624072026304612624Copyright © Банкин М.П., Самсонова А.А., Рожмина Т.А., Самсонова М.Г., 20262026Банкин М.П., Самсонова А.А., Рожмина Т.А., Самсонова М.Г.Bankin M.P., Samsonova A.A., Rozhmina T.A., Samsonova M.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5195

Несовершенные грибы вида Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) относятся к числу самых опасных почвенных патогенов, вызывая фузариозное увядание и корневые гнили более чем у 100 видов растений по всему миру. Некоторые штаммы патогена способны также поражать организмы животных и человека с ослабленным иммунитетом. В связи с этим особую важность представляет изучение молекулярных механизмов, ассоциированных с вирулентностью патогена и иммунным ответом растения на разных стадиях развития заболевания. Процесс обнаружения потенциального хозяина патогеном и все стадии развития инфекционного процесса включают в себя широкий репертуар специфических сигнальных молекул, эффекторных белков, рецепторных комплексов, а также взаимосвязанных и перекрывающихся сигнальных путей. Растения, в свою очередь, выработали сложную систему защиты, чтобы противостоять этой атаке: они тоже обладают комплексными механизмами на молекулярном уровне, которые, будучи запущенными в результате атаки патогена, передают сигналы для активации защитного ответа. В данном обзоре мы рассматриваем основные из известных на сегодняшний день молекулярные механизмы взаимодействия Fo с хозяином в системе «растение–патоген»: с момента обнаружения растения и направленного роста гиф патогена, обусловленного реакцией хемотропизма, и до сложных взаимодействий на уровне иммунного ответа и специфических тактик его подавления со стороны гриба. Обзор включает разделы, посвященные динамике заражения растений Fo, рассмотрению особенностей организации генома патогена и его геномного разнообразия, иммуннoму ответу растений и тактике его подавления патогеном, а также анализ основных известных эффекторных молекул патогена и связанных с ними транскрипционных факторов. Отдельное внимание уделено специальной форме Fo, поражающей растения льна (Linum usitatissimum L.).

Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is among the most dangerous soilborne pathogens, causing Fusarium wilt and root rots in over 100 plant species worldwide. Some pathogen strains can also infect immunocompromised animals and humans. Consequently, studying the molecular mechanisms associated with pathogen virulence and the plant immune response at different stages of disease development is of paramount importance. The process of host recognition by the pathogen and all stages of the infection process involve a wide repertoire of specific signaling molecules, effector proteins, receptor complexes, as well as interconnected and overlapping signaling pathways. Plants, in turn, have evolved a complex defense system to counter this attack: they also possess intricate molecular-level mechanisms that, triggered by pathogen assault, transmit signals to activate a defensive response. In this review, we examine the main currently known molecular mechanisms of Fo-host interaction within the plant-pathogen system: from plant detection and directed hyphal growth driven by chemotropism, to complex interactions at the level of immune response and specific fungal tactics for its suppression. The review includes sections dedicated to the dynamics of plant infection, pathogen genome organization and its genomic diversity, plant immune response and pathogen suppression tactics, as well as an analysis of the main known effector molecules of the pathogen and associated transcription factors. Special emphasis is put on the special form of Fo that infects flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.