vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-65vavilov-5196Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND PERFORMANCEПолучение голозерных гибридов Triticum durum с Triticum dicoccum c антоциановой окраской перикарпа зерновкиDevelopment of naked Triticum durum × Triticum dicoccum hybrids with anthocyanin color of the grain pericarphttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3166-7409ГордееваЕ. И.GordeevaE. I.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

elgordeeva@bionet.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9731-0106Новосельская-ДраговичА. Ю.Novoselskaya-DragovichA. Yu.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-8631ШоеваО. Ю.ShoevaO. Yu.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8254ХлесткинаЕ. К.KhlestkinaE. K.

Новосибирск; Санкт-Петербург

Novosibirsk; St. Petersburg

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наукРоссияN.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation202624072026304645657Copyright © Гордеева Е.И., Новосельская-Драгович А.Ю., Шоева О.Ю., Хлесткина Е.К., 20262026Гордеева Е.И., Новосельская-Драгович А.Ю., Шоева О.Ю., Хлесткина Е.К.Gordeeva E.I., Novoselskaya-Dragovich A.Y., Shoeva O.Y., Khlestkina E.K.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5196

Одно из перспективных направлений селекции – получение гибридов полбы с повышенным содержанием антоцианов в зерновке для производства функциональных продуктов питания. Проведено фенотипирование и дана предварительная оценка по наследованию глиадинкодирующих генов наиболее перспективных фиолетовозерных полбяных гибридов, полученных нами ранее после сложного трехступенчатого скрещивания фиолетовозерной твердой пшеницы (T. durum Desf.) c двумя разными формами яровой полбы (Т. dicoccum Schrank): гибридным голозерным сортом Греммэ и безостой краснозерной мутантной линией к-25516 (коллекции ВИР). Генотипирование гибридов по генам (Gli) запасных белков зерновки пшеницы – глиадинам – позволило отобрать фиолетовозерную линию, целиком наследующую глиадинкодирующие гены от полбы двузернянки к-25516, и линию с наследованием этих генов от твердой пшеницы и полбы двузернянки к-25516. Для улучшения селекционного материала было проведено возвратное скрещивание фиолетовозерных пшенично-полбяных гибридов, содержащих доминантные аллели Pp-B1 и Pp3, с показавшим наилучшую урожайность белозерным голозерным сортом Греммэ. Произведен маркер-контролируемый отбор растений поколения F2–4 по генам Pp (Purple pericarp), регулирующим биосинтез антоцианов в перикарпе зерновки. При отборе фиолетовозерных растений в потомствах F2–3 использование микросателлитных маркеров, близко расположенных к генам антоциановой окраски, не показало надежного сцепления с целевыми генами, однако позволило проследить у гибридов сложное наследование генетического материала от разных родителей. Разработанные нами внутригенные полиморфные ПЦР-маркеры позволили точно отобрать образцы растений, несущие в ДНК одновременно доминантные аллели двух комплементарно взаимодействующих генов, Pp-В1 и Pp3. Растения отбирались по признаку легкой обмолачиваемости зерен в F4. Таким образом, за два года при использовании малых площадей тепличного комплекса при помощи маркер-контролируемой селекции в поколении F4 получена коллекция, состоящая из 25 голозерных и полуголозерных яровых фиолетовозерных линий пшенично-полбяных гибридов, константных по признаку антоциановой окраски перикарпа зерновок и различающихся по глиадинкодирующим генам.

The production of emmer hybrids with a high content of anthocyanins in the grains for the production of functional foods is a promising breeding direction. Phenotyping and preliminary assessment of the inheritance of gliadin-coding genes were performed for the most promising purple-grained emmer hybrids obtained previously after a complex three-stage crossing of purple-grained durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) with two different forms of spring emmers (T. dicoccum Schrank): the hybrid naked-grained variety Gremme and the red-grained awnless mutant line k25516. Genotyping hybrids for the storage protein genes in wheat grain, gliadins (Gli), enabled the selection of a purple-grained line that fully inherited gliadin-coding genes from emmer wheat k-25516, and a line inheriting these genes from durum wheat and emmer wheat k-25516. To improve the breeding material, backcrossing of three phenotypically and qualitatively different purple-grained hybrid lines with the parental variety Gremme, which demonstrated the highest yield, was conducted. During the Pp (Purple pericarp) genes selection of the plants in F2–3 progenies, the use of microsatellite markers located close to Pp genes did not demonstrate reliable linkage to the target genes. The intragenic polymorphic PCR markers made it possible to accurately select plants carrying dominant alleles of two complementarily interacting genes, Pp-B1 and Pp3 in F2–4. Based on the ease of grain threshing, the plants were selected in F4. Thus, over two years, using small areas of the greenhouse and marker-controlled selection, a collection consisting of 25 naked and semi-naked spring purple-grained lines of wheat-emmer hybrids, constant in anthocyanin coloration and differing in gliadin-coding genes and other quality traits, was obtained.

голозерная полбафиолетовая окраска зернаантоцианыглиадинымаркер-контролируемая селекцияПЦР-маркерыnaked emmerpurple grainanthocyaninsgliadinsmarker assisted breedingPCR markersThis work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 25-26-20157 (https://grant.rscf.ru/site/user/bids?role=master) and the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation Policy of the Novosibirsk Region (agreement dated April 21, 2025, No. 30-2025-001058). The plants were grown at the Plant Reproduction Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, under budget project FWNR-2026-0029. The authors are grateful to Galina Vladimirovna Generalova and Olga Viktorovna Zakharova for their technical support.ReferencesBadaeva E.D., Keilwagen J., Knüpffer H., Waßermann L., Dedkova O.S., Mitrofanova O.P., Kovaleva O.N., Liapunova O.A., Pukhalskiy V.A., Özkan H., Graner A., Willcox G., Kilian B. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.