vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.111vavilov-521Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХANIMAL GENETICSАссоциация несинонимичной замены в гене конденсина NCAPG с признаками яйца кур-несушекAssociation of a non-synonymous substitution in the condensin NCAPG gene with traits of eggs in laying hensБарковаО. Ю.BarkovaO. Yu.СмарагдовМ. Г.SmaragdovM. G.mik7252@yandex.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных», Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, РоссияРоссияRussian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding, Saint-Petersburg, Pushkin, RussiaRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных», Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, РоссияРоссияRussian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding, Saint-Petersburg, Pushkin, RussiaRussian Federation2016120320162013438Copyright © Баркова О.Ю., Смарагдов М.Г., 20162016Баркова О.Ю., Смарагдов М.Г.Barkova O.Y., Smaragdov M.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/521

Одним из важнейших направлений исследований в области биологии и частной генетики сельскохозяйственных животных является идентификация генов, контролирующих проявление признаков, имеющих значение для практического использования в животноводстве. Для большинства этих признаков характерна широкая вариабельность регуляции экспрессии генов в отдельных локусах, которые называются локусами количественных признаков (QTL). Яйцо домашней птицы вызывало научный интерес на протяжении десятилетий в связи с его важностью для воспроизводства птицы, а также широкого применения в фармацевтической, косметической и пищевой промышленности. Выведение линий кур и кроссов является необходимым этапом для получения заданных признаков качества яйца. Результаты данной работы рекомендуется использовать при создании систем молекулярных маркеров для маркерной селекции несушек и получения новых линий и кроссов несушек с большей массой яйца. По сравнению с существующими традиционными системами селекции несушек по этому признаку маркерная селекция позволит исключить оценку генотипа петухов по потомству, что даст возможность существенно сократить время селекционной работы. Система маркеров будет представлять собой набор праймеров для выявления аллелей генов, оказывающих существенное влияние на указанный признак. Применение высокоэффективных систем молекулярных маркеров для прямой селекции по признакам яйца домашней курицы позволит добиться существенного прогресса в биотехнологии домашней птицы, избежать необходимости приобретения аналогичных систем зарубежного производства. В результате проведенной работы исследовали влияние гена конденсина NCAPG на признаки качества яйца домашней курицы. Обнаружены ассоциации аллелей SNP-маркера rs14491030, локализованного в экзоне 8 гена NCAPG, с признаком «вес яйца», p < 0,001, а также с упругой деформацией скорлупы яйца, р < 0,026. Выявлено, что однонуклеотидная несинонимичная замена аллеля A на G приводит к достоверному увеличению веса яйца. Этот маркер может быть рекомендован для использования в селекции кур-несушек. Расчеты относительной приспособленности генотипов SNP-маркера rs14491030 свидетельствуют в пользу естественного отбора гетерозигот. Полученные результаты обсуждаются в связи с ролью комплекса конденсина I в компактизации хроматина и сегрегации хромосом.

One of the most important areas of research in the biology and genetics of farmed animals is one of identification of genes controlling the expression of traits with practical importance for animal breeding. For most of these characteristic features, wide variation in gene expression in specific loci, which are called quantitative trait loci (QTL), is typical. Eggs have been researched for decades due to their importance for the reproduction of birds, as well as for its widespread use in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Breeding hens and cross-lines is a necessary step for producing eggs with desired quality. The results of this work are recommended for use to create systems of molecular markers for marker selection of layers and obtain new lines and cross hens with larger mass eggs. Compared to existing conventional systems of selecting layers on this basis, this will eliminate the assessment of the genotype of male progeny, which will significantly reduce breeding time. The system of markers will appear as a set of primers for detection of gene alleles that have a significant impact on the characteristics as above. The use of the molecular markers of high-performance systems for direct selection on the basis of domestic chicken eggs would lead to substantial progress in biotechnology poultry and help avoid having to purchase similar systems from outside the country. The association of the condensin NCAPG gene with the egg traits of domestic chicken has been studied. Associations of the SNP alleles of the rs14491030 marker localized in exon 8 of the NCAPG gene with the trait “the weight eggs”, p < 0.001, as well as with the elastic deformation of the egg shell, p < 0.026, have been found. It has been found that a single nucleotide nonsynonymous A G substitution leads to a significant increase in egg weight. The marker SNP rs14491030 with the observed significant effect on the trait «egg weight» can be recommended for use in breeding of laying hens. Calculations of the relative fitness of genotypes of the marker SNP rs14491030  suggest natural selection for heterozygotes. The results obtained are discussed in connection with the role of the canonical condensin complex in the compaction of chromatin and segregation of chromosomes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.