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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/vjgb-26-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-5229</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка генетических показателей,  влияющих на надежность и эффективность  реконструкции родословной в популяциях лесных  и тундровых ненцев, при использовании X-STR маркеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of genetic parameters affecting  the reliability and effectiveness of kinship reconstruction  in Forest and Tundra Nenets populations using X-STR markers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вагайцева</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vagaytseva</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kseniya.simonova@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесников</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буренкова</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burenkova</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рузавина</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruzavina</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харьков</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharkov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>755</fpage><lpage>760</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вагайцева К.В., Колесников Н.А., Буренкова О.М., Волкова И.А., Рузавина О.Д., Харьков В.Н., Степанов В.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вагайцева К.В., Колесников Н.А., Буренкова О.М., Волкова И.А., Рузавина О.Д., Харьков В.Н., Степанов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vagaytseva K.V., Kolesnikov N.A., Burenkova O.M., Volkova I.A., Ruzavina O.D., Kharkov N.V., Stepanov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5229">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5229</self-uri><abstract><p>X-хромосомные STR-маркеры (X-STR) являются информативным инструментом для реконструкции родственных связей, особенно в случаях, когда стандартные аутосомные панели недостаточно эффективны: при реконструкции родственных отношений между полнородными сестрами, сводными по отцу сестрами, бабушкой по отцовской линии и внучкой, тетей по материнской линии и племянницей. Однако использование X-STR маркеров в ДНК-идентификации требует учета структуры неравновесия по сцеплению и использования частот гаплотипов при расчете отношения правдоподобия (likelihood ratio, LR). В настоящей работе проведена оценка генетической структуры популяций лесных и тундровых ненцев по 16 X-STR маркерам, необходимая для  получения референсных значений. Исследована выборка из 504 мужчин ненцев, подразделенная на субэтнические группы (лесные и тундровые ненцы), фратрии тундровых ненцев (Харючи и Вануйто), а также географические локальные группы (индивиды, проживающие в Антипаютинской, Гыданской и Находкинской тундрах). Статистически значимые различия между выборками не обнаружены, попарные значения Fst (exact test) не превысили 0.01. Показан средний уровень генетического разнообразия, характерный для популяций коренных народов Сибири. Наиболее полиморфными в популяции ненцев оказались локусы DXS8377 (He = 0.910) и DXS10079 (He = 0.839). Тринадцать из 16 маркеров были высокоинформативными (PIC &gt; 0.5). Суммарная исключающая способность (CPE) составила 0.99996, что указывает на высокую информативность набора при реконструкции родственных отношений. При попарном анализе структуры неравновесия по сцеплению (LD) статистически значимые отклонения выявлены для 46 из 120 пар маркеров, однако коэффициент r2 для всех пар аллелей не превысил 0.09, что свидетельствует о слабой силе корреляции между аллелями. В статье приведены референсные значения частот аллелей и генотипов, рекомендуемые для использования в оценке отношения правдоподобия при реконструкции родственных связей. Полученные параметры позволят повысить надежность и эффективность генетической экспертизы на территории Российской Федерации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>X-chromosomal STR markers (X-STR) are informative tools for kinship reconstruction, particularly in cases  where standard autosomal panels have limited discriminatory power: when reconstructing kinship between full sisters, paternal half-sisters, paternal grandmother and granddaughter, maternal aunt and niece. However, the use of X-STR markers in forensic genetics requires consideration of linkage disequilibrium structure and the use of haplotype frequencies in calculating the likelihood ratio (LR). In this work, the genetic structure of Forest and Tundra Nenets populations was assessed using 16 X-STR markers in order to obtain reference values. A sample of 504 Nenets males was analyzed, divided into subethnic groups (Forest and Tundra Nenets), phratries of Tundra Nenets (Haryuchi and Vanuito), as well as geographical local groups (individuals living in the Antipayutinskaya, Gydan and Nakhodka tundras). No statistically significant differences were found between the samples, and the pairwise Fst values (exact test) did not exceed 0.01. The Nenets population demonstrated an intermediate level of genetic diversity typical of Indigenous  Siberian populations. The loci DXS8377 (He = 0.910) and DXS10079 (He = 0.839) were found to be the most polymorphic in the Nenets population. Of the 16 markers, 13 were highly informative (PIC &gt; 0.5). The combined power of exclusion (CPE) was 0.99996, which indicates that the panel is highly informative for reconstructing kinship relationships. Pairwise analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) revealed statistically significant deviations for 46 pairs of markers out of 120; however, the r2 coefficient for all pairs of alleles did not exceed 0.09, which indicates a weak correlation between alleles. This study provides the reference data of allele and genotype frequencies recommended for use in assessing the likelihood ratio in the reconstruction of kinship relationships. The obtained reference data will contribute to improving the reliability and efficiency of forensic genetic analyses in the Russian Federation. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ненцы</kwd><kwd>X-STR</kwd><kwd>ДНК-идентификация</kwd><kwd>реконструкция родственных связей</kwd><kwd>структура неравновесия по сцеплению</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Nenets</kwd><kwd>X-STR</kwd><kwd>forensic genetic</kwd><kwd>kinship testing</kwd><kwd>linkage disequilibrium</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 23-74-10058, https://rscf.ru/project/  23-74-10058/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Botstein D., White R.L., Skalnick M.H., Davies R.W. 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