vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.107vavilov-523Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICSГенотипирование сортов мягкой пшеницы разных регионов РоссииGenotyping of hexaploid wheat varieties from different Russian regionsАдонинаИ. Г.AdoninaI. G.adonina@bionet.nsc.ruЛеоноваИ. Н.LeonovaI. N.БадаеваЕ. Д.BadaevaE. D.СалинаЕ. А.SalinaE. A.Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, РоссияРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, RussiaRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук, Москва, РоссияРоссияVavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Moscow, RussiaRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, РоссияРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, RussiaRussian Federation2016120320162014450Copyright © Адонина И.Г., Леонова И.Н., Бадаева Е.Д., Салина Е.А., 20162016Адонина И.Г., Леонова И.Н., Бадаева Е.Д., Салина Е.А.Adonina I.G., Leonova I.N., Badaeva E.D., Salina E.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/523

Для характеристики геномов 20 сортов мягкой пшеницы, созданных в различных регионах России, были использованы молекулярно-генетический и молекулярно-цитологический подходы. Молекулярно-генетический анализ проводился с применением 29 SSR-маркеров, охватывающих весь геном, и 41 ISBP-маркера, локализованного на хромосоме 5В. Анализ генетического сходства, проведенный на основании результатов молекулярного генотипирования, показал, что озимые пшеницы образуют общий кластер независимо от происхождения и зоны возделывания. Это, в первую очередь, объясняется тем, что при создании озимых сортов для Западно-Cибирского региона привлекались формы, происходящие из европейской части России. Сравнительный анализ индивидуальных дендрограмм, построенных на основании данных по одному–двум маркерам на каждую хромосому и с привлечением большего числа маркеров по хромосоме 5В, позволяет, помимо оценки генетического разнообразия, идентифицировать сорта, имеющие перестройки по изучаемой хромосоме. Показана кластеризация озимойпшеницы Васса с яровым сортом Челяба 75, что может быть косвенным подтверждением использования озимых форм в селекции для повышения потенциала продуктивности яровой пшеницы. В результате молекулярно-цитологического анализа методами C-бэндинга и FISH у 8 из 20 изученных сортов были выявлены различные хромосомные перестройки, в том числе интрогрессии, происходящие от S. cereale, Ae. speltoides и Th. intermedium. Таким образом, сочетание двух подходов позволило более полно охарактеризовать геномные особенности сортового материала мягкой пшеницы различного происхождения.

We used molecular-genetic and molecular-cytology approaches to characterize the genomes of 20 varieties of wheat created in different regions of Russia. A molecular-genetic analysis was performed using 29 SSR-markers covering the entire genome, and 41 ISBP-markers localized on chromosome 5B. Analysis of genetic similarity based on the results of molecular genotyping showed that the winter wheat varieties form a common cluster, regardless of the origin or area of cultivation. This is primarily due to the fact that the varieties originating from the European part of Russia were used to establish winter wheat varieties for West Siberia. Comparative analysis of individual dendrograms constructed using 1–2 markers per chromosome, and with the involvement of a larger number of 5B-chromosome markers allowed us to identify varieties with rearrangements of this chromosome and to assess genetic diversity. We found that winter wheat Vassa and spring wheat Chelyaba 75 were clustered closely together. This is an indirect confirmation of the use of winter wheat varieties in the breeding to improve the productive potential of spring wheat. Molecular-cytology analysis by C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed various chromosomal rearrangements in 8 of 20 cultivars studied, including translocations from S. cereale, Ae. speltoides and Th. intermedium. Thus, a combination of the two approaches allowed us to better characterize genomes of wheat varieties of various origin.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.