vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-77vavilov-5230Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКАHUMAN GENETICSГеномные профили жителей Фанагории хазарского времениGenomic profiles of the Khazar-Period inhabitants of PhanagoriaОкованцевВ. С.OkovantsevV. S.

Краснодарский край

Krasnodar region

okovantsev.vs@talantiuspeh.ruМанаховА. Д.ManakhovA. D.

Краснодарский край

Москва

Krasnodar region

Moscow

РождественскихЕ. В.RozhdestvenskihE. V.

Краснодарский край

Krasnodar region

ХраповС. Е.KhrapovS. E.

Краснодарский край

Krasnodar region

ДобровольскаяМ. В.DobrovolskayaM. V.

Москва

 

Moscow

СвиркинаН. Г.SvirkinaN. G.

Краснодарский край

Москва

Krasnodar region

Moscow

ОстапенкоС. Н.OstapenkoS. N.

Краснодарский край

Москва

пос. Сенной, Темрюкский район, Краснодарский край

Krasnodar region

Moscow

Sennoy village, Krasnodar region

КузнецовВ. Д.KuznetsovV. D.

Краснодарский край

Москва

пос. Сенной, Темрюкский район, Краснодарский край

Krasnodar region

Moscow

Sennoy village, Krasnodar region

АндрееваТ. В.AndreevaT. V.

Краснодарский край

Москва

Krasnodar region

Moscow

РогаевЕ. И.RogaevE. I.

Краснодарский край

Шрусбери

Krasnodar region

Shrewsbury

evivrecc@gmail.comНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус», федеральная территория «Сириус»РоссияSirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal TerritoryRussian FederationНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус», федеральная территория «Сириус»; Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наукРоссияSirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут археологии Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус», федеральная территория «Сириус»; Институт археологии Российской академии наукРоссияSirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory; Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус», федеральная территория «Сириус»; Институт археологии Российской академии наук; Государственный историко-археологический музей-заповедник «Фанагория»РоссияSirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory; Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; The State Museum-Preserve “Phanagoria”Russian FederationНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус», федеральная территория «Сириус»; Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук; Центр генетики и генетических технологий, биологический факультет МГУ им. М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияSirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Centre of Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус», федеральная территория «Сириус»; Медицинская школа Чан Массачусетского университета, департамент психиатрииРоссияSirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory; UMass Chan Medical School, Department of PsychiatryRussian Federation202626082026305761774Copyright © Окованцев В.С., Манахов А.Д., Рождественских Е.В., Храпов С.Е., Добровольская М.В., Свиркина Н.Г., Остапенко С.Н., Кузнецов В.Д., Андреева Т.В., Рогаев Е.И., 20262026Окованцев В.С., Манахов А.Д., Рождественских Е.В., Храпов С.Е., Добровольская М.В., Свиркина Н.Г., Остапенко С.Н., Кузнецов В.Д., Андреева Т.В., Рогаев Е.И.Okovantsev V.S., Manakhov A.D., Rozhdestvenskih E.V., Khrapov S.E., Dobrovolskaya M.V., Svirkina N.G., Ostapenko S.N., Kuznetsov V.D., Andreeva T.V., Rogaev E.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5230

Городище Фанагория, расположенное на территории Таманского полуострова, представляет собой уникальный объект археологического наследия. История древнего города охватывает около 15 веков, что делает Фанагорию свидетелем многих исторических событий, в том числе имеющих отношение к ранней истории древнерусского государства. Раннесредневековый период истории Фанагории представляет особый интерес в связи с ее недостаточной изученностью. Работами Фанагорийской экспедиции Института археологии РАН в содружестве с Музеем-заповедником «Фанагория» были изучены культурные напластования города VII–X вв. Этот период существования урбанистического центра тесно связан с историей Хазарского каганата и завершается гибелью города в результате вражеского нападения. В ходе раскопок обнаружены скелетные останки людей со следами насильственной смерти. Антропологический анализ выявил монголоидные особенности этих индивидов. В данной работе представлены результаты анализа полногеномных последовательностей из останков трех индивидов из культурного слоя хазарского времени с использованием биоинформатических методов. Для двух индивидов было проведено радиоуглеродное датирование. Благодаря высокому покрытию митохондриальной ДНК (от 43- до 96-кратного), подтвержден низкий уровень контаминации и определена гаплогруппа митохондриальной хромосомы. Установлена аутентичность древней ДНК и определены пол индивидов и гаплогруппа Y-хромосомы. Популяционный анализ проведен методом PCA, анализ предковых компонентов – методом ADMIXTURE и анализ корреляции частот аллелей – методом f3-статистики. Анализ полногеномных данных трех образцов показал генетическую близость исследованных индивидов с современным тюркоязычным населением Центральной Азии, а также с раннесредневековыми группами кочевников Евразийской степи, венгерских авар и монголов. Анализ главных компонент показал присутствие в геномах изученных образцов азиатских и европейских генетических компонентов. Наше исследование позволяет сделать вывод, что генетический профиль изученных индивидов сформировался в результате смешения генофондов выходцев из восточных районов Евразийской степи и населения Западной Евразии. Азиатские компоненты родственны таковым у средневековых групп монголов и авар.

The Phanagoria settlement, located on the Taman Peninsula, is a unique archaeological site. The history of the ancient city spans approximately 15 centuries, making Phanagoria a witness to many historical events, including those related to the early history of the Old Rus’ state. The early medieval period of Phanagoria’s history is of particular interest due to its insufficient study. The Phanagoria Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the Phanagoria Museum-Reserve, studied the city’s cultural strata from the 7th–10th centuries. This period of the urban center’s existence is closely linked to the history of the Khazar Khaganate and culminates in the city’s destruction as a result of an enemy attack. During excavations, skeletal remains bearing signs of violent death were discovered. Anthropological analysis revealed Mongoloid features of the individuals discovered. This paper presents the results of a bioinformatics-based analysis of whole-genome sequences from the remains of three individuals from  a Khazar cultural layer. Radiocarbon dating was performed for two individuals. High mitochondrial DNA coverage  (43- to 96-fold) confirmed its low level of contamination, and determined the mitochondrial chromosome haplogroup. High genome coverage confirmed the authenticity of the analyzed ancient DNA and allowed the determination of the individuals’ sex and Y-chromosome haplogroup. Population analysis was performed using PCA, ancestral component analysis, using ADMIXTURE, and allele frequency correlation analysis, using the f3 statistic. Whole-genome data analysis of the three samples demonstrated the genetic proximity of the studied individuals to the modern Turkic-speaking population of Central Asia, as well as to early medieval nomadic groups of the Eurasian steppe, Hungarian Avars, and Mongols. Principal component analysis revealed the presence of Asian and European genetic components in the genomes of the studied samples. Our study suggests that the genetic profile of the individuals studied was formed by the mixing of the gene pools of people from the eastern regions of the Eurasian Steppe and populations of Western Eurasia. The Asian components are related to those of medieval groups of Mongols and Avars.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.