vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/vjgb-26-93vavilov-5300Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХANIMAL GENETICSОценка таксономического и генетического разнообразия лесных мышей рода Apodemus степной зоны Центрального ПредкавказьяAssessment of taxonomic and genetic diversity of wood mice of the genus Apodemus in the steppe zone of the Central CiscaucasiaТемботоваФ. А.TembotovaF. A.

Нальчик

Nalchik

ТемботоваА. Х.AmshokovaA. Kh.

Нальчик

Nalchik

ГудоваМ. С.GudovaM. S.

Нальчик

Nalchik

mpapieva@inbox.ruКононенкоЕ. П.KononenkoE. P.

Нальчик

Nalchik

Институт экологии горных территорий им. А.К. Темботова Российской академии наукРоссияTembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202613102026306921937Copyright © Темботова Ф.А., Темботова А.Х., Гудова М.С., Кононенко Е.П., 20262026Темботова Ф.А., Темботова А.Х., Гудова М.С., Кононенко Е.П.Tembotova F.A., Amshokova A.K., Gudova M.S., Kononenko E.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5300

Степные экосистемы – одни из наиболее измененных местообитаний из-за антропогенного давления и быстрых изменений в землепользовании. За несколько десятилетий XX в. биогеоценозы степных равнин и значительной части лесостепи Центрального Предкавказья почти полностью утратили свой первоначальный облик. Результатом антропогенного воздействия являются сокращение пригодных местообитаний, их фрагментация и т. д. При этом известно, что длительная изоляция популяции, вызванная естественной или антропогенной фрагментацией среды обитания, может привести к изменению генетической структуры популяции, в частности к уменьшению генетического разнообразия и сокращению общей эффективной численности популяции, что особенно губительно для популяции небольшого размера. Актуальность проведения настоящего исследования связана с отсутствием современных данных, касающихся видового состава, генетической структуры, генетического разнообразия, биотопического распространения и численности представителей лесных мышей рода Apodemus в условиях степной зоны Центрального Предкавказья. На основании анализа изменчивости фрагмента гена цитохрома b (сyt b) митохондриальной ДНК впервые изучены видовой состав и генетическое разнообразие видов-двойников лесных мышей рода Apodemus в условиях степной зоны Центрального Предкавказья. По результатам молекулярно-генетического анализа род Apodemus представлен тремя видами: A. uralensis, A. witherbyi и A. flavicollis. На рассматриваемой территории A. flavicollis и A. witherbyi описаны впервые. Из трех таксонов наиболее высоким уровнем генетического разнообразия характеризуетс А. uralensis. Результаты молекулярного датирования позволяют предположить, что из трех видов первым заселил территорию Центрального Предкавказья A. uralensis в два этапа: примерно 370–350 тыс. лет назад и около 256 тыс. лет назад. Позднее на данную территорию в два этапа проник A. witherbyi: примерно 166–154 тыс. лет назад и 125–115 тыс. лет назад. A. flavicollis является самым молодым вселенцем на Центральном Предкавказье. Его эволюционный возраст составляет примерно 100 тыс. лет. В работе приведены особенности распространения и ландшафтно-биотопического распределения представителей рода Apodemus на исследованных территориях Центрального Предкавказья.

Steppe ecosystems are among the most heavily modified habitats due to anthropogenic pressure and rapid land-use changes. Over the course of several decades of the 20th century, the biogeocenoses of the steppe plains and a significant portion of the forest-steppe of the Central Ciscaucasia have almost completely lost their original appearance. Anthropogenic impact resulted in the reduction of suitable habitats, their fragmentation, and so on. It is known that prolonged isolation of a population, caused by natural or anthropogenic habitat fragmentation, can lead to changes in the genetic structure of the population, specifically to a decrease in genetic diversity and a reduction in the total effective population size, which is particularly detrimental to small populations. The relevance of this study is due to the lack of current data on the species composition, genetic structure, genetic diversity, habitat distribution, and abundance of Apodemus wood mice in the steppe zone of the Central Ciscaucasia. Based on an analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene fragment variability, the species composition and genetic diversity of sibling species of wood mice of the genus Apodemus have been studied for the first time in the steppe zone of the Central Ciscaucasia. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that the genus Apodemus is represented by three species: A. uralensis, A. witherbyi, and A. flavicollis. A. flavicollis and A. witherbyi are described for the first time in this area. Of the three taxa, A. uralensis exhibits the highest level of genetic diversity. Molecular dating results suggest that of the three species, A. uralensis was the first to colonize the Central Ciscaucasia in two stages: approximately 370–350 thousand years ago and approximately 256 thousand years ago. Subsequently, A. witherbyi entered the area in two stages: approximately 166–154 thousand years ago and 125–115 thousand years ago. A. flavicollis is the youngest inhabitant of the Central Ciscaucasia, with an evolutionary age of approximately 100 thousand years. This study identifies the distribution patterns and landscapebiotopic distribution of representatives of the genus Apodemus in the study areas of the Central Ciscaucasia.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.