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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ16.124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-578</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Наследственные особенности физиологических функций</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Hereditary features of physiological functions</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регуляция потребления пищи в период беременности и лактации у мышей со сниженной активностью меланокортиновой системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Food intake regulation during pregnancy and lactation in mice with reduced activity of the melanocortin system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">enmakarova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бажан</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazhan</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской&#13;
академии наук, Санкт-Петербург, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики&#13;
Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия&#13;
&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia&#13;
&#13;
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макарова Е.Н., Романова И.В., Бажан Н.М., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макарова Е.Н., Романова И.В., Бажан Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarova E.N., Romanova I.V., Bazhan N.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/578">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/578</self-uri><abstract><p>Активация меланокортиновых рецепторов (МКР) в гипоталамусе подавляет аппетит. Белок, родственный агути (AgRP), и нейропептид Y (NPY) коэкспрессируются в нейронах гипоталамуса и повышают аппетит: NPY – через свои рецепторы на МКР-нейронах, AgRP связывается с МКР и вызывает их инактивацию. У неразмножающихся мышей генетическая блокада МКР (мутация yellow в локусе агути Ау) повышает потребление пищи. Остается невыясненной роль МКР в регуляции аппетита в период беременности и лактации, когда потребление пищи значительно возрастает. В этой работе у мышей линии C57Bl/6J a/a (контроль) и Ау/a генотипов изучали экспрессию AgRP (меланокортиновая регуляция) и NPY (немеланокортиновая регуляция) в гипоталамусе в период беременности (7, 13, 18-й дни) и лактации (10-й и 21-й дни) и сопоставили ее с потреблением пищи. У виргинных Ау/a (блокада МКР) самок по сравнению с a/a самками потребление пищи было повышено, уровень мРНК и иммунореактивность AgRP понижены. Динамика возрастания потребления пищи по ходу беременности различалась у Ау/a и a/a мышей. Уровень мРНК NPY возрастал только у a/a самок, а уровень мРНК AgRP – у самок обоих генотипов, но у Ау/a был ниже, чем у контрольных. После родов потребление пищи, уровни мРНК нейропептидов и иммунореактивность AgRP в гипоталамусе не различались у Ау/a и a/a самок, экспрессия AgRP у лактирующих Ау/a самок была выше, чем у виргинных. Полученные результаты показывают, что блокада МКР снижает экспрессию AgRP у неразмножающихся самок мышей, беременность уменьшает, а лактация устраняет этот эффект. Повышение потребления пищи во время беременности связано с активацией синтеза NPY и AgRP и проведением орексигенного сигнала через МКР. Гиперфагия лактации не зависит от инактивации МК-рецепторов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hypothalamic melanortin receptor (MCR) activation inhibits appetite. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti Related Protein (AgRP) are coexpressed in some hypothalamic neurons and stimulate feeding, NPY via inhibition of MCR-expressing neurons, and AgRP via MCR4 antagonism. Mutation yellow at the mouse agouti locus (Ау) evokes MCR blockage and stimulates appetite in nulliparous females. The role of MCRs in food intake regulation during pregnancy and lactation is unclear. In this study we measured hypothalamic AgRP and NPY mRNA levels in virgin and mated C57Bl a/a (control) and Ау/a females on days 7, 13, 18 of pregnancy, 10, 21 of lactation, and after offspring separation, AgRP immunoreactivity in virgin and lactating females, and correlated gene expression with food intake (FI). Virgin Ау/a compared to a/a females had higher FI and lower AgRP expression. Pregnant Ау/a and a/a mice showed different patterns of food intake and neuropeptide expressions. NPY mRNA levels increased during pregnancy only in a/a mice, while AgRP mRNA levels increased in both genotypes being lower in Ау/a then in a/a mice. In lactating Ау/a and a/a mice, AgRP expression and NPY mRNA level were similar. AgRP expression was higher in lactating then in virgin Ау/a mice. The results obtained demonstrate that in nonbreeding female mice, MCR blockage is associated with AgRP expression inhibition which vanishes in lactation. In lactation, hyperphagia is independent of MCR blockage. In pregnancy, food intake regulation involves MCR signaling and activation of NPY and AgRP expression.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ау мыши</kwd><kwd>потребление пищи</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>лактация</kwd><kwd>меланокортиновые рецепторы</kwd><kwd>NPY</kwd><kwd>AgRP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ау mice</kwd><kwd>food intake</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>lactation</kwd><kwd>melanocortin receptors</kwd><kwd>NPY</kwd><kwd>AgRP</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aponte Y., Atasoy D., Sternson S.M. AGRP neurons are sufficient to orchestrate feeding behavior rapidly and without training. Nat. Neurosci. 2011;14(3):351-355. DOI 10.1038/nn.2739</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aponte Y., Atasoy D., Sternson S.M. AGRP neurons are sufficient to orchestrate  feeding behavior rapidly and without training. Nat. 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