vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ16.147vavilov-581Research ArticleНаследственные особенности физиологических функцийHereditary features of physiological functionsВлияние однократного введения этанола на поведение, его потребление и предпочтение у крыс, селекционируемых на ручное и агрессивное поведение по отношению к человекуEffect of single ethanol administration on behavior and the consumption and preference of ethanol in tame and aggressive ratsКожемякинаР. В.KozhemyakinaR. V.korimma@bionet.nsc.ruШихевичС. Г.ShikhevichS. G.КаганА.CaganA.ГулевичР. Г.GulevichR. G.Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, РоссияРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, RussiaRussian FederationИнститут Макса Планка эволюционной антропологии, Лейпциг, ГерманияРоссияMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, GermanyRussian Federation201617052016202165171Copyright © Кожемякина Р.В., Шихевич С.Г., Каган А., Гулевич Р.Г., 20162016Кожемякина Р.В., Шихевич С.Г., Каган А., Гулевич Р.Г.Kozhemyakina R.V., Shikhevich S.G., Cagan A., Gulevich R.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/581

Согласно гипотезе о снятии напряжения, повышенный уровень тревожности или стресса может приводить к большему потреблению алкоголя и алкогольной зависимости. Однако это не всегда подтверждается данными, полученными на экспериментальных животных. Одной из моделей для исследования связи между тревожностью, функцией гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой системы (ГГНС) и предрасположенностью к алкогольной зависимости может быть селекционная модель серых крыс с ручным и агрессивным поведением по отношению к человеку. Ранее у ручных крыс отмечали ослабление тревожно-подобного поведения и понижение функциональной активности ГГНС, судя по уровню кортикостерона и адренокортикотропного гормона (АКТГ) в крови в условиях покоя и при стрессе по сравнению с агрессивными и неселекционируемыми животными. В данной работе оценивали предпочтение и потребление этанола разной концентрации в условиях свободного доступа к этанолу и воде (two bottle-choice paradigm), а также влияние однократного введения этанола на поведение в приподнятом крестообразном лабиринте у самцов крыс с агрессивным и ручным поведением. У ручных и агрессивных самцов после внутрибрюшинного введения алкоголя отмечали уменьшение числа вертикальных стоек в центре приподнятого крестообразного лабиринта, которое достигало уровня значимости только у первых. Такое изменение свидетельствует не только об отсутствии анксиолитического действия 12 %-го этанола, но и усилении тревожно-подобного поведения у ручных крыс. Агрессивные крысы превосходили ручных по потреблению 2 %-го этанола, тогда как потребление 10 %-го и предпочтение 5 %-го раствора у ручных было достоверно выше, чем у агрессивных. После семидневной отмены спирта у ручных крыс наблюдали эффект депривации, поскольку его потребление становилось больше, чем до отмены. Таким образом, различия в потреблении этанола между ручными и агрессивными крысами меняются в зависимости от концентрации раствора. Агрессивные самцы пьют только 2 %-й раствор больше, чем ручные, и поэтому гипотеза о снятии напряжения подтверждается именно для этой концентрации.

According to the hypothesis of stress relief, a high level of anxiety or stress may cause greater alcohol consumption and alcohol addiction. However, data obtained with experimental animals do not always confirm this statement. Model strains of Norway rats selected for tame and aggressive attitude to humans are some of the models for investigation of relationships among anxiety, the function of the hypothalamus – pituitary – adrenal (HPA) axis, and predisposition to alcohol addiction. Former studies of tame rats, based on the blood levels of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in rest and stress, revealed a decrease of the manifestation of anxiety-like behavior and of the HPA function in comparison to aggressive and unselected rats. This work assesses the preferred consumption of ethanol at various concentrations with free access to ethanol and water (two bottlechoice paradigm) and the effect of acute ethanol administration on the behavior of aggressive and tame male rats in an elevated plus maze. After intraperitoneal alcohol administration, tame and aggressive males showed a reduced number of rearings in the center of the elevated plus maze, but the reduction was statistically significant only in the former. It pointed not only to the absence of an anxiolytic action of 12 % ethanol but also to enhancement of anxietylike behavior in tame rats. After seven-day alcohol withdrawal, tame rats showed signs of deprivation, because the alcohol consumption was greater than before the withdrawal. Thus, the difference between tame and aggressive rats in alcohol consumption varies with alcohol concentration. Aggressive males drank more alcohol than water only at the 2 % concentration. Hence, the hypothesis of stress relief is confirmed only for this concentration.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.