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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ16.145</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-589</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетика функций гормонов гипоталамуса. ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetics of hypothalamic hormone functions. REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Окситоцин: коэволюция человека и доместицированных животных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oxytocin: co-evolution of human and domesticated animals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гербек</surname><given-names>Ю. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Herbeck</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулевич</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulevich</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шепелева</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shepeleva</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гриневич</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grinevich</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Valery.Grinevich@mpimf-heidelberg.mpg.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики&#13;
Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Группа по изучению нейропептидов им. Шаллера, Немецкий центр исследований рака, Центральный институт психического здоровья, Гейдельбергский университет, Гейдельберг, Маннгейм, Германия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides, German Cancer Research Center, Central Institute of Mental Health and University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>220</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гербек Ю.Э., Гулевич Р.Г., Шепелева Д.В., Гриневич В.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гербек Ю.Э., Гулевич Р.Г., Шепелева Д.В., Гриневич В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Herbeck Y.E., Gulevich R.G., Shepeleva D.V., Grinevich V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/589">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/589</self-uri><abstract><p>Hейропептид окситоцин (ОТ) и его гомологи синтезируются специализированными нейронами, сосредоточенными у позвоночных животных в эволюционно-древнем отделе головного мозга – гипоталамусе. Аксоны ОТ нейронов следуют в нейрогипофиз, откуда ОТ выделяется в общий кровоток. Наряду с этим коллатерали аксонов ОТ нейронов, как показано у млекопитающих, следуют в различные отделы переднего мозга, в которых ОТ модулирует активность локальных нейронных цепей. На поведенческом уровне ОТ облегчает внутривидовые социальные контакты у млекопитающих, используя широкую палитру механизмов: от подавления активности нейроэндокринной оси стресса до прямого действия на нейроны структур мозга, участвующих в контроле социального поведения. Работы последних лет продемонстрировали участие ОТ в формировании социальных связей между одомашненными животными (собаки, овцы, коровы) и человеком. Они указывают на связь повышенной концентрации эндогенного окситоцина в периферическом кровотоке (и других жидкостях организма, в том числе слюне и моче) и проявлений коммуникативного поведения у животных по отношению к человеку и между собой. Описано, что у домашних животных периферический уровень ОТ коррелирует с частотой контактов с человеком и внутривидовым социальным поведением. Кроме того, в литературе приводятся эксперименты с интраназальным введением ОТ собакам, что, как и при высоком уровне эндогенного ОТ, приводит к повышению частоты контактов с хозяином. Известно, что одомашненные животные характеризуются выраженным социально- коммуникативным поведением, сниженными агрессией и стресс-ответом. Поэтому в данном кратком обзоре мы также затрагиваем вопросы роли ОТ в регуляции различных форм социального поведения: от моногамных отношений до материнского поведения и социального распознавания у людей и животных, а также касаемся значения ОТ в модуляции агрессивного поведения и снижении стресс-реакции и тревожности. При систематизации накопленных данных предложены новые возможности изучения роли ОТ в коммуникативных контактах между одомашненным животным и человеком, сформировавшихся в процессе совместной эволюции на протяжении последних 10–15 тыс. лет.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) and its homologues are produced in specialized neurons located in Vertebrates exclusively in a deep and evolutionarily old part of the forebrain, the hypothalamus. The axons of OT neurons form the classical hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal tract terminating on blood vessels of the neurohypothysis to release OT into the systemic blood circulation. However, as was recently demonstrated in mammals, collaterals of OT axons concomitantly project to various forebrain regions to modulate the activity of local networks. At the behavioral level, OT facilitates intraspecific social contacts in mammals via various mechanisms ranging from the suppression of neuroendocrine stress responses to the direct OT action on neurons of socially relevant brain regions. Recent reports indicated possible contribution of OT to the formation of the social bond between domesticated mammals (dog, sheep, cattle) and humans. Indeed, social interaction between humans and a domesticated animal resulted in the elevation of peripheral OT levels (in blood, saliva or urine) and, in congruence, exogenous (intranasal) OT application led to more frequent contacts between the owner and the domesticated animal. It has been known for decades that domesticated animals exhibit profound socio-communicative abilities accompanied by suppressed aggression and stress responsiveness. These peculiarities of their behavior and physiology may be influenced by the activity of the central OT system. Therefore, in the present mini-review we focus on the role of OT in the orchestration of distinct forms of social behavior, including the monogamous bond, maternal care, social memory and recognition, aggression, and anxiety. As a conclusion, we propose possible directions for exploration of the OT contribution to empathy between humans and domesticated animals, which was likely established in the course of their co-evolution during last 10.000– 15.000 years.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>окситоцин</kwd><kwd>эволюция</kwd><kwd>доместикация</kwd><kwd>серебристо-черная лисица</kwd><kwd>собака</kwd><kwd>волк</kwd><kwd>человек и животные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oxytocin</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd><kwd>domestication</kwd><kwd>silver fox</kwd><kwd>dog</kwd><kwd>volf</kwd><kwd>human-animal bond</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев Д.К. Дестабилизирующий отбор как фактор доместикации. Генетика и благосостояние человечества. 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